Relación entre marketing y universidad. Revisión teórica y propuesta de un modelo teórico y de marketing 3.0

Autores/as

  • Luis Doña Toledo Universidad de Granada
  • Teodoro Luque Martínez Universidad de Granada

Resumen

Las universidades aplican medidas de marketing en su gestión. La adopción de prácticas de marketing ha sido una respuesta a los múltiples cambios políticos, tecnológicos y sociales (así como un aumento de la competencia y la internacionalización) que afecta al mundo de la educación superior. En el presente trabajo se revisa el estado de la cuestión acerca de la gestión del marketing en la universidad. El objetivo es comprender la aparición y evolución de estas prácticas en la universidad y establecer un modelo conceptual que comprende cinco factores: personas, procesos, capacidades, calidad (premium) y proyección (imagen). Además, se propone un marketing de 3.0 que sirva para orientar la dirección del marketing dentro del sector de la educación superior.

ABSTRACT

The universities apply marketing measures in their management. The adoption of marketing practices has been a response to the many political, technological and social changes (as well as increased competition and globalization) affecting the world of higher education. In this paper the state of the question about marketing management at the university is reviewed. The goal is to understand the emergence and evolution of these practices in college and establish a conceptual model. People, processes, capabilities, quality (premium) and projection (image): five variables within the university marketing are proposed. In addition a model of Marketing 3.0 to serve to guide the direction of marketing within the higher education sector is proposed.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Citas

Akonkwa, D. B. M. (2009): “Is market orientation a relevant strategy for higher education institutions?: Context analysis and research agenda”, International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences, 1 (3), 311-333.

AMA: American Marketing Association (2013): Dictionary, http://www.marketingpower.com/_layouts/Dictionary.aspx?source=footer.

Arena, M., Arnaboldi, M. y Azzone, G. (2010): “Student perceptions and central administrative services: the case of higher education in Italy”, Studies in Higher Education, 35 (8), 941-959.

Arnett, D. B., German, S. D. y Hunt, S. D. (2003): “The identity salience model of relationship marketing success: The case of nonprofit marketing”, Journal of Marketing, 67 (2), 89-105.

Arnoldo, H. y Nicolás, M. (2001): Estrategias para el Liderazgo Competitivo, Buenos Aires: Editorial Dolmen.

Babb, H. W., & Giga, S. (2015): “Marketing in Higher Education: Myth or Reality”, In Proceedings of the 1986 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference (pp. 132-135). Springer, Cham.

Bardo, J. W., Ross, R. H. y Headley, E. L. (1990): “Measuring alumni's image of a university”, Journal for Higher Education Management, 6 (1), 29-44.

Beerli Palacio, A., Díaz Meneses, G. y Pérez Pérez, P. J. (2002): “The configuration of the university image and its relationship with the satisfaction of students”, Journal of Educational Administration, 40 (5), 485-505.

Blackburn, J. C. (1980): “Marketing in Admissions: A Perspective on Its Use”, College Board Review, 116, 18-21.

Bok, D. (2003): Universities in the marketplace, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.

Bolton, R. N. y Drew, J. H. (1991): “A multistage model of customers' assessments of service quality and value”, Journal of consumer research, 17 (4), 375-384.

Bolton, R. N. y Lemon, K. N. (1999): “A Dynamic Model of Customers' Usage of Services: Usage as an Antecedent and Consequence of Satisfaction”, Journal of Marketing Research, 36 (2), 171-186.

Booms, B. H. y Bitner, M. J. (1981): “Marketing strategies and organisation structures for service firms”, en Marketing of Services, Ed. Donnelly, J. H and George, W. R. Chicago: American Marketing Association, pp. 47–51.

Cann, C. W. y George, M. A. (2004): “Key elements of a successful drive toward marketing strategy making”, Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, 13 (1-2), 1-15.

Capelleras, J. l. y Veciana, J. M. (2004): “Calidad de servicio en la enseñanza universitaria: desarrollo y validación de una escala de medida”, Revista Europea de Dirección y Economía de la Empresa, 13 (4), 55-72.

Caruana, A., Ramaseshan, B. y Ewing, M. T. (1998): “The market orientation-performance link: some evidence from the public sector and universities”, Journal of Nonprofit & Public Sector Marketing, 6 (1), 63-82.

Clark, B. (1998): Creating entrepreneurial universities: organizational pathways of transformation, England: Elsevier Science Ltd.

Conway, T., Mackay, S. y Yorke, D. (1994): “Strategic planning in higher education: Who are the customers”, International Journal of Educational Management, 8 (6), 29-36.

Czarniawska, B. y Genell, K. (2002): “Gone shopping? Universities on their way to the market”, Scandinavian Journal of Management, 18 (4), 455-474.

Dale, R. (2007): “Specifying globalization effects on national policy”, The Routledge Falmer Reader in Education Policy and Politics, 14 (1), 1-17.

David, F. R. (2003): Conceptos de administración estratégica, Pearson Educación.

DeShields Jr, O. W., Kara, A. y Kaynak, E. (2005): “Determinants of business student satisfaction and retention in higher education: applying Herzberg's two-factor theory”, International journal of educational management, 19 (2), 128-139.

Díaz Barriga, A. (1998): Organismos internacionales y política educativa, Ciudad de México: Siglo XXI Editores

Díaz-Canel, M. (2011): Discurso en la UNESCO, Paris. 1 Octubre.

Dolinsky, A. L. (1994): “A consumer complaint framework with resulting strategies: An application to higher education”, Journal of Services Marketing, 8 (3), 27-39.

Eagle, L. y Brennan, R. (2007). “Are students customers? TQM and marketing perspectives”, Quality Assurance in Education, 15 (1), 44-60.

Fernández López, S., Rodeiro Pazos, D. y Ruzo Sanmartín, E. (2005): “La lucha por la supervivencia: competitividad de la oferta de las universidades”, Revista Europea de Dirección y Economía de la Empresa, 14 (1), 77-94.

Flavián, C. y Lozano, F.J. (2004): La influencia del ambiente en la relación entre orientación al mercado y los resultados en el contexto universitario español, en XIV Congreso ACEDE (Asociación Científica de Economía y Dirección de la Empresa).

García Sanchís, M. (2012): "Evaluación del servicio universitario. Una aproximación integradora a partir de la calidad, el valor y la satisfacción, desde un enfoque cross-cultural". Tesis Doctoral, Universitat de València.

Gibbs, P., & Knapp, M. (2002): Marketing higher and further education: An educator's guide to promoting courses, departments and institutions, Psychology Press.

Hayes, T. (2007): “Delphi study of the future of marketing of Higher Education”, Journal of Business Research, 60 (9), 927-931.

Hemsley-Brown, J. y Oplatka, I. (2006): “Universities in a competitive global marketplace: A systematic review of the literature on higher education marketing”, International Journal of Public Sector Management, 19 (4), 316-338.

Hemsley-Brown, J. y Oplatka, I. (2010): “Market orientation in universities: A comparative study of two national higher education systems”, International Journal of Educational Management, 24 (3), 204-220.

Helgesen, Ø. y Nesset, E. (2007): “Images, satisfaction and antecedents: Drivers of student loyalty? A case study of a Norwegian university college”, Corporate Reputation Review, 10 (1), 38-59.

Homburg, C. y Pflesser, C. (2000): “A multiple-layer model of market-oriented organizational culture: measurement issues and performance outcomes”, Journal of Marketing Research, 37 (4), 449-462.

Hu, H. H., Kandampully, J. y Juwaheer, T. D. (2009), “Relationships and impacts of service quality, perceived value, customer satisfaction, and image: an empirical study”, The Service Industries Journal, 29 (2), 111-125.

Hult, G. T. M. y Ketchen, D. J. (2001): “Does market orientation matter?: A test of the relationship between positional advantage and performance”, Strategic management journal, 22 (9), 899-906

Hutton, J. G. (2002): “Narrowing the concept of marketing”, Journal of Nonprofit & Public Sector Marketing, 9 (4), 5-24.

Ivy, J. y Naude, P. (2004): “Succeeding in the MBA marketplace: identifying the underlying factors”, Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 26 (3), 401-417.

Jaworski, B. J. y Kohli, A. K. (1996): “Market orientation: review, refinement, and roadmap”, Journal of Market-Focused Management, 1 (2), 119-135.

Jongbloed, B. (2003): “Marketisation in Higher Education, Clark's triangle and the essential ingredients of markets”, Higher Education Quarterly, 57 (2), 110-135.

Joseph, M. y Joseph, B. (1997): “Service quality in education: a student perspective”, Quality Assurance in Education, 5 (1), 15-21.

Judson, K. M., & Taylor, S. A. (2014): “Moving from marketization to marketing of higher education: The co-creation of value in higher education”, Higher Education Studies, 4 (1), 51-67.

Khalifa, A. (2010): “Rethinking the current dominant approach to business school strategy”, European Business Review, 22 (6), 591–607.

Kirca, A. H., Jayachandran, S. y Bearden, W. O. (2005): “Market orientation: a meta-analytic review and assessment of its antecedents and impact on performance”, Journal of Marketing, 69 (2), 24-41.

Kirp, D. L. (2003): Shakespeare, Einstein and the bottom line: the marketing of Higher Education, USA: Harvard University Press

Kohli, A. K. y Jaworski, B. J. (1990): “Market orientation: the construct, research propositions, and managerial implications”, The Journal of Marketing, 54 (2), 1-18.

Kotler, P. (1972): “A generic concept of marketing”, Journal of Marketing, 36 (2), 46.54.

Kotler, P. (2000): Marketing management, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

Kotler, P. y Fox, K. (1985): Strategic Marketing for Educational Institutions. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Kotler, P. y Kartajaya, H. (2010): Marketing 3.0, Ciudad de México: LID Editorial.

Lafferty, B. A. y Hult, G. T. M. (2001): “A synthesis of contemporary market orientation perspectives”, European Journal of Marketing, 35 (1/2), 92-109.

Litten, L. H. (1980): “Marketing Higher Education: Benefits and risks for the American Academic System”, The Journal of Higher Education, 51 (1), 40-59.

Luque Martínez, T. y Del Barrio García, S. (2005): Plan Estratégico Universidad de Granada, Granada: Editorial Universidad de Granada.

Luque-Martínez, T. y Del Barrio-García, S. (2009): “Modelling university image: The teaching staff viewpoint”, Public Relations Review, 35 (3), 325-327.

McCarthy, E.J. y. Perreault, W. D. (2007): Marketing: Planeación Estratégica de la Teoría a la Práctica, 1er. Tomo. McGraw Hill.

McPherson, M. y Schapiro, M. (1998): The Student Aid Game, Princeton, NJ. Princeton University Press.

Margison, S. y Considine, M. (2000): The enterprise university: Power, governance and the reinvention in Australia, Cambridge: Cambridge University press.

Marginson, S. (1997): Markets in Education, St Leonards (Nueva Gales del Sur): Allen & Unwin.

Maringe, F. (2004): “Vice chancellors' perceptions of university marketing: a view from universities in a developing country”, Higher Education Review, 36 (2), 53-68.

Maringe, F. (2005): “Interrogating the crisis in higher education marketing: the CORD model”, International Journal of Educational Management, 19 (7), 564-578.

Maringe, F. y Foskett, N. H. (2002): “Marketing university education: the South African experience”, Higher Education Review, 34 (3), 35-51.

Maringe, F. y Gibbs, P. (2009): Marketing Higher Education. Theory and Practice, New York: Editorial McGraw- Hill.

Maringe, F. y Mourad, M. (2012): “Marketing for Higher Education in Developing Countries: emphases and omissions”, Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, 22 (1), 1-9.

Marzo, M., Pedraja, M. y Rivera, P. (2006): “¿Se puede aplicar el marketing a los servicios públicos? Justificación en el caso de la Educación Superior”, Revista Aragonesa de Administración Pública 28, 351-369.

Mazzarol, T. (1998): “Critical success factors for international education marketing”, International Journal of Educational Management, 12 (4), 163-175.

McGrath, J.J. (2003): Leading in a managerialist paradigm: A survey of perceptions within a faculty of education, EdD thesis, Univ. of Birmingham. DOI: http://www.education.bham.ac.uk/programmes/research/documents/McGrath_Thesis.pdf.

Michavila, F. (2001): “¿Soplan vientos de cambios universitarios?”, Boletín de la RED-U (Red Estatal de Docencia Universitaria), 1 (1).

Mintzberg, H. (1996): “Managing government, governing management”, Harvard Business Review, 74 (3), 75-83.

Mora, J. G. (1997): “Market trends in Spanish higher education”, Higher Education Policy, 10 (3-4), 3-4.

Munuera, J. L. y Rodríguez Escudero, A. I. (2007): Estrategias de marketing. Un enfoque basado en el proceso de dirección, Madrid: ESIC.

Narver, J. C. y Slater, S. F. (1990): “The effect of a market orientation on business profitability”, Journal of Marketing, 54 (4), 20–35.

Naude, P., y Ivy, J. (1999): “The marketing strategies of universities in the United Kingdom”, International Journal of Educational Management, 13 (3), 126-136.

Newman, C. M. (2002): “The current state of marketing activity among higher education institutions”, Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, 12 (1), 15-29.

Newman, S. y Jahdi, K. (2009): “Marketisation of education: Marketing, rhetoric and reality”, Journal of Further and Higher Education, 33 (1), 1-11.

OCDE (2013): Education at a Glance 2013: OECD Indicators, OECD, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/eag-2013-en

OCDE (zs): Education at a Glance 2016: OECD Indicators, OECD, DOI: http://www.oecd.org/edu/education-at-a-glance-19991487.htm

Oldfield, B. M. y Baron, S. (2000): “Student perceptions of service quality in a UK university business and management faculty”, Quality Assurance in Education, 8 (2), 85-95.

Oplatka, I. (2009): “Marketing the university: The subjective perceptions of Israeli academics of their role in attracting new students to their institution”, Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 31 (3), 207-217.

Ordorika, I. (2008): “Compromiso con la sociedad: desafíos contemporáneos para las universidades públicas de investigación”, en La educación superior en el mundo, 3, Red Global de Universidad para la Innovación (GUNI), New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

Owlia, M. S. y Aspinwall, E. M. (1997): “TQM in higher education – a review”, International Journal of Quality and Reliability Management 14 (5), 527–543.

Parasuraman, A., Berry, L. L. y Zeithaml, V. A. (1991): “Refinement and reassessment of the SERVQUAL scale”, Journal of Retailing, 67 (4), 420-450.

Parameswaran, R. y Glowacka, A. E. (1995): “University image: an information processing perspective”, Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, 6 (2), 41-56.

Pereira, M. A. C. y Da Silva, M. T. (2003): “A key question for higher education: Who are the customers”, en Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the Production and Operations , pp. 1-16.

Perin, M. G., Sampaio, C. H., Simões, C. y de Pólvora, R. P. (2012): “Modeling antecedents of student loyalty in higher education”, Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, 22 (1), 101-116.

Pulido, A. (2009): El futuro de la Universidad. Un tema para debate dentro y fuera de las universidades, Madrid, Delta Publicaciones.

Qureshi, S. (1993): “Market driven public institutions attract resources”, Journal of Professional Services Marketing, 9 (2), 83-92.

Ramachandran, N. T. (2010): “Marketing framework in higher education: Addressing aspirations of students beyond conventional tenets of selling products”, International Journal of Educational Management, 24 (6), 544-556.

Readings, B. (1996): The University in Ruins, Cambridge (Massachusetts); Harvard University.

Redding, P. (2005): “The evolving interpretations of customers in higher education: empowering the elusive”, International Journal of Consumer Studies, 29 (5), 409-417.

Ressler, J. y Abratt, R. (2009): “Assessing the impact of university reputation on stakeholder intentions”, Journal of General Management, 35 (1), 35-45.

Ross, M., Grace, D. y Shao, W. (2013): “Come on higher ed… get with the programme! A study of market orientation in international student recruitment”, Educational Review, 65 (2), 219-240.

Santesmases Mestre, M. (1996): Términos de marketing. Diccionario-Base de Datos, Madrid: Ediciones Pirámide.

Sirvanci, M. (1996): “Are students the true customers of higher education?”, Quality Progress, 29 (10), 99-102.

Sirvanci, M. B. (2004): “Critical issues for TQM implementation in higher education”, The TQM Magazine, 16 (6), 382-386.

Siu, N. Y., y Wilson, R. M. (1998): “Modelling market orientation: An application in the education sector”, Journal of Marketing Management, 14 (4), 293-323.

Slaughter, S. y Leslie, L.L. (1997): Academic Capitalism: Politics, Policies, and the Enterpreneurial University, Baltimore (Maryland): Johns Hopkins University.

Smith, P. (1997): “Marketing adult education: An ideological dilemma?” DOI: http://www.leeds.ac.uk/educol/documents/0000278998.htm

Steger, M. (2003): Globalisation, a very short introduction, Oxford: Oxford university press.

Steiner, G. A. (1979): “Contingency theories of strategy and strategic management”, Strategic management, 405-16.

Sursock, A., Smidt, H. y Davies, H. (2010): Trends 2010: A decade of change in European Higher Education, Brussels: European University Association.

Svensson, G. y Wood, G. (2007): “Are university students really customers? When illusion may lead to delusion for all!”, International Journal of Educational Management, 21 (1), 17-28.

Taylor, R. E. y Reed, R. R. (1995): “Situational Marketing: application for Higher Education Institutions”, Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, 6 (1), 23-36.

Topor, R. (1983): Marketing higher education: a practical guide, (Online), DOI: http://www.marketinged.com/library/index.html#books

Trim, P. R. (2003): “Strategic marketing of further and higher educational institutions: partnership arrangements and centers of entrepreneurship”, International Journal of Educational Management, 17 (2), 59-70.

Umashankar, V. (2001): “The Importance of Managing Points-Of-Marketing in Marketing Higher Education Programmes-Some Conclusions”, Journal of Services Research, 1 (1), 125-140.

UNESCO (1998): Declaración en la Conferencia Mundial sobre Educación Superior, París.

Voon, B. H. (2006): “Linking a service-driven market orientation to service quality”, Managing Service Quality, 16 (6), 595-619.

Wasmer, D. J. y Bruner, G. C. (2000): “The antecedents of the market orientation in higher education”, Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, 9 (2), 93-105.

Williams, G., Liu, S. S. y Shi, Q. (1997): “Marketization of higher education in the People's Republic of China”, Higher Education Policy, 10 (2), 151-157.

Wonders, T. J. y Gyure, J. F. (1991): “Opportunistic marketing in higher education”, Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, 3 (2), 1-16.

Wu, T. y Naidoo, V. (2016): “The Role of International Marketing in Higher Education”, en International Marketing of Higher Education (pp. 3-9), Palgrave Macmillan US.

Zammuto, R. F., Keaveney, S. M. y O'Connor, E. J. (1996): “Rethinking student services: assessing and improving service quality”, Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, 7 (1), 45-70.

Zeithaml, V. A., Berry, L. y Parasuraman, A. (1996): “The Behavioral Consequences of Service Quality”, Journal of Marketing, 60 (2), 31-46.

Descargas

Publicado

2017-12-26

Cómo citar

Doña Toledo, L., & Luque Martínez, T. (2017). Relación entre marketing y universidad. Revisión teórica y propuesta de un modelo teórico y de marketing 3.0. Revista De Estudios Empresariales. Segunda Época, (2). Recuperado a partir de https://revistaselectronicas.ujaen.es/index.php/REE/article/view/3748