Programa Stop & Go: pruebas de campo para la identificación del riesgo de lesión en jugadores jóvenes de deportes de equipo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17561/jump.n4.6Palabras clave:
Factores de riesgo, evaluación, adolescentes, control neuromuscular, desarrollo atlético del joven deportistaResumen
El objetivo principal del presente estudio es describir la batería de cuestionarios y pruebas de campo del Programa Stop & Go para la valoración de los principales factores de riesgo de lesión de la extremidad inferior en jóvenes deportistas. Los 4 cuestionarios y 21 pruebas de campo que componen la batería Stop & Go fueron seleccionados de acuerdo a criterios científicos (altas puntuaciones de validez y fiabilidad), pudiendo ser estas agrupadas en tres grandes bloques. El primer bloque incluye procedimientos destinados a la obtención de información relacionada con las características personales o individuales de los deportistas (ej.: composición corporal, etapa madurativa y experiencia deportiva). Por su parte, el segundo bloque contiene una serie de cuestionarios que evalúan constructos psicológicos relacionados con el rendimiento deportivo (ej.: ansiedad, estrés y motivación). Finalmente, el tercer bloque presenta pruebas físicas diseñadas para valorar un elevado número de medidas del rendimiento físico (ej.: altura y longitud de salto, y tiempo en el sprint de 30 m), mecánica de las habilidades motrices fundamentales (ej.: aterrizaje tras acciones de salto y cambio de dirección), capacidad neuromuscular (ej.: rigidez muscular, estabilidad estática y dinámica), disposición sagital del raquis y rango de movimiento articular de la extremidad inferior. Para aquellos escenarios donde existan importantes limitaciones de tiempo y escasez de recursos humanos y materiales, este estudio también presenta una propuesta básica o reducida de la batería Stop & Go compuesta por 6 pruebas de valoración. En particular, esta propuesta básica reúne aquellas pruebas que, a juicio de los autores, podrían ser consideradas como las mínimas necesarias para la identificación de deportistas con una alta probabilidad de sufrir una lesión del tejido blando (músculo, tendón o ligamento) de la extremidad inferior.
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Derechos de autor 2021 Francisco Javier Robles-Palazón, Antonio Cejudo, Alba Aparicio-Sarmiento, Pilar Sainz de Baranda, Francisco Ayala
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
