Influence of the Environment Temperature over the Tactic, Technical and Physical Performances of National Teams
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17561/jump.n3.5Keywords:
Soccer, Heat, Thermoregulation, World CupAbstract
Soccer is a sport practiced in an open environment and is under the interference of the local environmental conditions of the game. Different environmental conditions, such as heat, relative humidity, cold and altitude can cause changes in the players’ body homeostasis. Thus, this study aimed to verify the effect of different ambient temperature on the tactical, technical and physical performances of national teams in World Cup. The sample was composed by FIFA World Cup games played in Brazil/2014 (n=64; 24.98±4.51°C), and South Africa/2010 (n=61; 14.69±4.70°C). The data were obtained from FIFA website. Temperature was categorized in four ranges: ≤10°C; 11–20°C; 21–30°C; ≥31°C. The tactical (% ball possession time in each sector of the field), technical (% successful conclusions, % successful short, medium, long and total passes) and physical (distance covered) performances of the teams were compared based on temperature ranges. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, ANOVA One-Way and Kruskal-Wallis (p<0,05) were used to compare the averages by temperature range, in addition to the Tukey and Mann-Whitney tests (post-hoc). The results showed that the ambient temperature had an influence on the time of possession of the ball in the defensive (p<0.001), midfield (p<0.004) and offensive (p <0.001). In addition, in relation to technical performance, warmer temperatures positively influenced the percentage of correct passes for short (p<0.028), medium (p <0.014), long (p<0.001) and total (p<0.001), in addition to the percentage of correct shots on goal (p<0.001). On the other hand, with regard to physical performance, warmer temperatures negatively influenced the total distance covered (p<0.001). The ambient temperature influenced the tactical, technical and physical performance of the national teams. In the World Cup, in matches played in warmer temperature ranges, the teams suffered a change in tactical performance, showed improvement in technical performance, and losses in relation to physical performance.
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