Análisis de las variaciones de la carga externa en jugadoras de fútbol de élite durante las tareas de 6 contra 6 en campo reducido
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17561/jump.n5.2Palabras clave:
GPS, aceleración, carrera de alta intensidad, tarea de entrenamientoResumen
Propósito: El objetivo de este estudio fue describir y comparar la respuesta de las cargas externas de las jugadoras de fútbol de élite a diferentes juegos reducidos (SSG). Doce jugadoras de fútbol de élite (26,5 ± 5,7 años, 58,6 ± 5,6 kg, 164,4 ± 5,3 cm) realizaron cuatro diferentes SSG 6vs6: dos tamaños distintos (20x20m y 30x30m) y con mini-porterias (MG) y sin ini-porterias (NG). Métodos: Se recogió la distancia total (TD), la distancia de carrera de baja intensidad (LIR), la distancia de carrera de alta intensidad (HIR), la distancia de sprint (SD), las aceleraciones (ACC), las deceleraciones (DEC), los sprints repetidos (RS) y la carga corporal (BL) mediante un sistema de posicionamiento global por satélite de 15Hz. Las variables se compararon entre todos los formatos de SSG utilizando un análisis de varianza de una vía (ANOVA) (p<.05) y las inferencias basadas en la magnitud del tamaño del efecto (d de Cohen). Resultados: En comparación con el SSG de 20x20m, el SSG de 30x30m indujo una mayor TD (p=0,001, d=1,20), LIR (p=0,001, d=1,06), HIR (p=0,001, d=1,20) y BL (p=0,008, d=1,04) en la condición NG. Del mismo modo, en SSG con MG, se produjo un mayor número de ACC (p=0,003, d=0,38), DEC (p=0,005, d=0,42), LIR (p=0,009, d=0,86) y HIR (p=0,070 d=0,61) en 30x30m frente a 20x20m. Cuando se jugó NG 30x30m y 20x20m SSG, se observó una mayor TD (p=.001, d=1.70; p=.001, d=1.13; respectivamente), LIR (p=.001, d=1.84; p=.001, d=1.39), ACC (p=.54, d=.39; p=.003, d=.74; respectivamente) y BL (p=.001, d=1.60; p=.001, d=1.15; respectivamente) en comparación con MG. Conclusión: se observó una mayor respuesta a la carga externa de las jugadoras de fútbol de élite en SSG sin ini-porterias y jugadas en terrenos de juego de mayor tamaño. Estos hallazgos son útiles para que los entrenadores y preparadores físicos diseñen tareas de entrenamiento adecuadas según las exigencias del juego.
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Derechos de autor 2022 Jaime González-García, Esther Morencos, Antonio García-de-Alcaraz, Rodrigo Ramírez-Campillo, Blanca Romero-Moraleda
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
