The islamic arcaduces of Senda de Granada. Typological and chronological adscription
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17561/aytm.v21i0.2221Abstract
This essay focuses its study in the arcaduces (qâdûs: islamic ceramic waterwheel buckets) documented in a set of aceñas (Sâniya: water-lifting wheels draught by animals) located in Senda de Granada, an area based in the northern zone of the Andalusian-Murcian hydraulic system.
The study of the ceramic material and the analysis of the stratigraphic and structural contexts have confirmed the islamic affiliation of, at least, the zone of Aljufía (north), and its dating in the X century, ruling out its possible Roman origin. This date has been established thanks to the documented arcaduces in the aceñas 1, 2 and 3, which are denominated arcaduces of near-distal fixation and are typologically located in the group identified by S. Gutiérrez Lloret (1986, 1996), originally, in the Lower Segura river, which traces its history back to the second half of VIII century.
The presence of other kind of arcaduz in Senda de Granada, provided of notches and a pointed base (near-medial fixation), better represented in the rest of al-Andalus, led us to study the spatial distribution of the respective types and the alleged evolutionary process of morpho-technical character. The analysis has revealed that both types of arcaduz lived together for a long period of time, between the X and XI centuries, although they didn’t coexisted at the same geographic space. They occupied exclusive areas until the XII century, when the near-distal fixation arcaduces were definitely replaced, in Tudmīr, by the near-medial fixation arcaduces with pointed base.
In relation with the creation of the al-Andalus irrigated space in Murcia, the findings in Senda de Granada make possible to determine a terminus ante quem for the creation of their vegetable garden in the X century, period in which their aceñas were already operating.
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