King Sebastian alive and dead
History and catharsis in the ballads on Ksar-el-Kebir
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17561/blo.vextra5.7137Keywords:
King Sebastian, Sebastianism, Ksar-el-Kebir, Collective Catharsis, Politics and Literature, Phillip II, Iberian UnionAbstract
The corpus of ballads on Ksar-el-Kebir is relatively small, considering the wide impact the battle had in other ways. Only ten extant, printed and manuscript. They show all the nuances and even the thematic evolution that characterize the numerous prose accounts of the events, following the political needs as they changed. Most of them are from 1592-1595, after the long silence that followed the battle, when it was not politically acceptable to discuss problematic issues, such as the reasons for the debacle, the courage of the participants, the alleged survival of the king. Neither he or his nobility could be criticized, as Phillip II needed them to administer his new kingdom. Once his power consolidated, the Flores started to print ballads that touch all these questions, albeit without clearly answering any of them. The death of the king is never pronounced, but suggested in many ways, and his memory saved as that of a courageous yet imprudent young warrior.
By the turn of the century, after a succession of Sebastian impostors and the growth of Sebastianism as a support system for nationalistic resistance, chronicles and balladry produce the death of the king and even his corpse.
Downloads
References
ANDRADA, Miguel Leitão de (1629): Miscelânea do sítio de N.S. da Luz, Lisboa, Mateus Pinheiro.
AZEVEDO, Lúcio (1947): A evolução do sebastianismo, Lisboa, A. M. Teixeira.
BERNARDES, Diogo (2014): «Uma refeita, duas emendadas, três proscritas: seis elegias de Diogo Bernardes», Suplemento de Colóquio/Letras, 187, Lisboa, Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian.
BOTO, Sandra (2011): As fontes do Romanceiro de Almeida Garret. Uma proposta de edição crítica, Tese de doutoramento, Universidade Nova de Lisboa.
BRAGA, Teófilo (1869): Floresta de vários romances com forma literaria, Porto, Tipografia da Livraria Nacional (Vl. 5 de su Cancioneiro e romanceiro geral portugués, 1867-1869).
CARREIRA, Antonio. Ver Romancero general.
CONNESTAGGIO, Ludovico Franchi (1589): Dell'unione del regno di Portogallo alla Corona de Castiglia, Génova.
DURÁN, Agustín (1945 [1849-1851]): Romancero General o Colección de romances castellanos anteriores al Siglo XVIII, Madrid, Atlas (BAE, 10 y 16).
Jornada del-rei dom Sebastião às partes de África (1978): ed. Francisco de Sales Mascarenhas Loureiro, Lisboa, Imprensa Nacional-Casa da Moeda.
MARTÍNEZ TORREJÓN, José Miguel (2007): «Entre perros y lobos. Un chaparrón de inútiles consejos para el rey D. Sebastián», Revista de Filología Española, LXXXVII, 2, pp. 355-382.
https://doi.org/10.3989/rfe.2007.v87.i2.36
MARTÍNEZ TORREJÓN, José Miguel (2008): «Silencios, sigilos y sordinas. Alcazarquivir desde El Escorial», en A Construção do Outro: Espanha e Portugal frente a frente, T. Branderberger et al. (eds.), Tübingen, Calepinus Verlag, pp. 87-107.
Miscelânea sebástica da Ajuda (2020): Ed. Crítica y estudio de J. M. Martínez Torrejón, Lisboa, Biblioteca Nacional.
NIETO, Fr. Luis (1578): Relación de las guerras de Berbería y del sucesso y muerte del rey D. Sebastián, BNE, Ms. 2860
OLIVEIRA, Vítor Amaral de (2002): Sebástica. Bibliografia geral sobre D. Sebastião, Coimbra, Biblioteca Geral da Universidade.
RG: Romancero general,...
RODRÍGUEZ-MOÑINO, Antonio (1970): Diccionario de pliegos sueltos poéticos (siglo XVI), Madrid, Castalia.
RODRÍGUEZ-MOÑINO, Antonio (1956): Viaje a España del rey don Sebastián de Portugal, Valencia, Castalia.
Romancero general, en que se contienen todos los romances que andan impresos ([1604] 2018): ed. facsímil, con estudio de Antonio Carreira, México, Frente de Afirmación Hispanista.
ROMERO DE CEPEDA, Joaquín (1576): Famossíssimos romances.... El primero trata de la venida a Castilla del muy alto y muy poderoso Señor D. Sebastián... Badajoz, En Rodríguez-Moñino (1956).
SAN ROMÁN, Antonio de (1603): Jornada y muerte del rey don Sebastián [...] sacada de las obras de Franchi, ciudadano de Génova, y de otros muchos papeles auténticos, Valladolid, Herederos de Juan Íñiguez de Lequerica.
SUÁREZ DÍEZ, José María (2015): «El Romance Nuevo Pastoril. Estudio y edición crítica. (1589-1688)», Tesis doctoral, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid.
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Boletín de Literatura Oral
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
