Evaluación del impacto de los Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio en los marcos jurídicos internacionales para la gestión del agua dulce
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17561/rej.n26.10290Palabras clave:
Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio, gestión del agua dulce, marcos jurídicos internacionales, reformas jurídicas, prevención de la contaminación del aguaResumen
El presente estudio tiene por objeto explicar el impacto de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODM), en particular la meta 7c, en el desarrollo y la aplicación de los regímenes jurídicos internacionales para la gestión del agua dulce. La investigación aborda cuestiones cruciales como una posible laguna de conocimiento sobre los efectos de los ODM en el derecho internacional, la insuficiencia de mecanismos de cumplimiento y la ausencia de un examen exhaustivo sobre cómo la meta 7c afecta jurídicamente a cualquier Estado miembro. El artículo emplea métodos cualitativos como el análisis histórico y contextual, así como una panorámica de los instrumentos jurídicos internacionales y estudios de caso de éxitos y fracasos en la India y en Irak. De acuerdo con los hallazgos, aunque los ODM sí permitieron reformas jurídicas en materia del agua como derecho humano y el fomento de la cooperación transfronteriza, los avances han sido desiguales entre las regiones debido al cambio climático y a una gobernanza débil. En última instancia, durante su vigencia, la meta 7c tuvo una gran influencia en reformas jurídicas clave, tales como el reconocimiento del agua como una necesidad humana, la promoción de la gestión integrada de los recursos hídricos (GIRH) y la cooperación transfronteriza.
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