Analysis of the EU’s Dual VET promotion strategy and its impact on Spanish VET stakeholders
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.17561/ae.v27n2.9580Mots-clés :
Vocational education and training, international organisations, apprenticeships, European convergence, policy transferRésumé
In recent decades, the European Union has positioned Dual Vocational Education and Training (VET) as a benchmark for modernisation across Member States. This study systematically analyses the dissemination actions undertaken by this international organisation and their impact on VET governance actors in Spain, specifically at the central level, in Andalusia, and in the Basque Country. To achieve this, the research examines a total of 35 EU-generated VET references including recommendations, conclusions, and declarations; and draws on 13 semi-structured interviews with representatives from the business, trade union, government, and educational sectors involved in VET governance.
The findings reveal that various EU institutions have focused their efforts on four main areas: non-binding policy documents, peer learning, funding, and the European Alliance for Apprenticeships. Among these, the most impactful mechanisms for Spanish actors have been the issuance of recommendations and the use of conditional funding.
Téléchargements
Références
Baumann, F. A., & Vossiek, J. (2022). Changing skill formation in Greece and Italy: Crisis-induced reforms in light of common institutional legacies. International Journal for Research in Vocational Education and Training, 9(3), Article 3. https://doi.org/10.13152/IJRVET.9.3.3
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2021). Thematic analysis: A practical guide. SAGE Publications. https://books.google.es/books?id=25lpzgEACAAJ
Council of the European Union. (2018). Council recommendation of 15 March 2018 on a European framework for quality and effective apprenticeships. Publications Office of the European Union. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32018H0502(01)
Directorate-General for Budget of the European Commission. (2021). The EU’s 2021-2027 long-term budget and NextGenerationEU: Facts and figures. Publications Office of the European Union. https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2761/808559
Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion. (2020a). The renewed European Alliance for Apprenticeships: Action plan 2020-2021. Publications Office of the European Union. https://doi.org/10.2767/416056
Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion. (2020b). The renewed European Alliance for Apprenticeships: Key objectives. Publications Office of the European Union. https://doi.org/10.2767/416056
European Commission. (2012). Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the European Council, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions: Rethinking education - Investing in skills for better socio-economic outcomes. Publications Office of the European Union. https://www.cedefop.europa.eu/en/content/rethinking-education-investing-skills-better-socio-economic-outcomes
European Commission. (2020a). Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions: European skills agenda for sustainable competitiveness, social fairness and resilience. Publications Office of the European Union. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52020DC0274
European Commission. (2020b). Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the European Council, the Council, the European Central Bank, the European Economic and Social Committee, the Committee of the Regions and the European Investment Bank: Annual sustainable growth strategy 2021. Publications Office of the European Union. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52020DC0575
European Commission, European Social Partners, & Lithuanian Presidency of the Council of the EU. (2013). Declaration of the European Social Partners, the European Commission and the Lithuanian Presidency of the Council of the European Union: European Alliance for Apprenticeships. Publications Office of the European Union. https://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/31665/joint-declaration_apprentiships.pdf
European Ministers for Vocational Education and Training, European Commission, & European Social Partners. (2004). Maastricht Communiqué on the future priorities of enhanced European cooperation in Vocational Education and Training (VET). Publications Office of the European Union.
European Ministers for Vocational Education and Training, European Commission, & European Social Partners. (2006). The Helsinki Communiqué on enhanced European cooperation in Vocational Education and Training. Publications Office of the European Union. https://www.cedefop.europa.eu/files/helsinkicom_en.pdf
European Ministers for Vocational Education and Training, European Commission, & European Social Partners. (2010). The Bruges Communiqué on enhanced European cooperation in Vocational Education and Training for the period 2011-2020. Publications Office of the European Union.
European Ministers for Vocational Education and Training, European Social Partners, & European Commission. (2002). The Copenhagen Declaration: Declaration of the European Ministers of Vocational Education and Training and the European Commission, convened in Copenhagen on 29 and 30 November 2002, on enhanced European cooperation in Vocational Education and Training. Publications Office of the European Union. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED477824
European Ministers for Vocational Education and Training, European Social Partners, & European Commission. (2015). Riga Conclusions on a new set of medium-term deliverables in the field of VET for the period 2015-2020, as a result of the review of short-term deliverables defined in the 2010 Bruges Communiqué. Publications Office of the European Union. https://ec.europa.eu/education/sites/default/files/document-library-docs/riga-conclusions.pdf
European Ministers for Vocational Education and Training, European Social Partners, & European Commission. (2020). Osnabrück Declaration on vocational education and training as an enabler of recovery and just transitions to digital and green economies. Publications Office of the European Union.
European Parliament. (2014). European Parliament resolution of 17 July 2014 on youth employment (2014/2713(RSP)). Publications Office of the European Union. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52014IP0010
Jakobi, A. (2012). Facilitating transfer: International organisations as central nodes for policy diffusion. In G. Steiner-Khamsi & F. Waldow (Eds.), World Yearbook of Education 2012: Policy borrowing and lending in education (pp. 391-407). Routledge.
Martín-Artiles, A., Lope, A., Barrientos, D., Moles, B., & Carrasquer, P. (2020). The rhetoric of Europeanisation of dual vocational education and training in Spain. Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research, 26(1), 73-90. https://doi.org/10.1177/1024258919896901
Martínez-Izquierdo, L., & Torres Sánchez, M. (2022a). Dual vocational education and training and policy transfer in the European Union policy: The case of work-based learning and apprenticeships. Cogent Education, 9(1), e2154496. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2022.2154496
Martínez-Izquierdo, L., & Torres Sánchez, M. (2022b). Dual vocational education and training systems’ governance model and policy transfer: The role of the European Union in its diffusion. Social Sciences, 11(9), Article 403. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci11090403
Martínez-Izquierdo, L., & Torres Sánchez, M. (2024). The adoption of dual vocational education and training in Spain: Analysis of decentralised decision-making in educational policy transfer. Research in Comparative and International Education, 19(4), 479-502. https://doi.org/10.1177/17454999241280922
Member States of the European Union. (2016). Consolidated version of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A12016E/TXT
Ministry of Education and Research of the Federal Republic of Germany, Ministry of Education and Science of the Portuguese Republic, Ministry of Education and Religious Affairs, Culture and Sports of the Hellenic Republic, Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport of the Kingdom of Spain, Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Latvia, Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic, & Ministry of Education of the Italian Republic. (2012). Vocational education and training in Europe - Perspectives for the young generation: Memorandum on cooperation in vocational education and training in Europe. https://www.bibb.de/dokumente_archiv/pdf/memorandumvocational_education_and_training_2012.pdf
Psifidou, I., & Ranieri, A. (2020). European cooperation in vocational education and training: Towards a common ambition. Revista Española de Educación Comparada, 36, 32-53.
Sanz de Miguel, P., Serra, J. A., Caballero, M., & Barrientos, D. (2022). Social partners’ involvement in dual vocational education and training (VET): A comparison of Greece, Spain, Poland and Portugal [Project report, VS/2020/0145]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6669891
Scepanovic, V., & Martín-Artiles, A. (2020). Dual training in Europe: A policy fad or a policy turn? Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research, 26(1), 15-26. https://doi.org/10.1177/1024258919898317
Viceconsejería de Formación Profesional del Gobierno Vasco. (2011). III Plan Vasco de Formación Profesional.
Zaunstöck, T., Marhuenda-Fluixá, F., Ros-Garrido, A., & Fischer, M. (2021). Europeanisation of VET: The Spanish Vocational Education and Training system and the influence of European education policy. Journal of Vocational Education & Training, 73(2), 316-335. https://doi.org/10.1080/13636820.2021.1889645
Téléchargements
Publié
Numéro
Rubrique
Licence
© Luis Martínez-Izquierdo, Irina Rommel 2025
Cette œuvre est sous licence Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International.
Los autores que publican en esta revista están de acuerdo con los siguientes términos:
- Los autores conservan los derechos de autor y garantizan a la revista el derecho de ser la primera publicación del trabajo al igual que licenciado bajo una Creative Commons Attribution License que permite a otros compartir el trabajo con un reconocimiento de la autoría del trabajo y la publicación inicial en esta revista.
- Los autores pueden establecer por separado acuerdos adicionales para la distribución no exclusiva de la versión de la obra publicada en la revista (por ejemplo, situarlo en un repositorio institucional o publicarlo en un libro), con un reconocimiento de su publicación inicial en esta revista.
- Se permite y se anima a los autores a difundir sus trabajos electrónicamente (por ejemplo, en repositorios institucionales o en su propio sitio web) antes y durante el proceso de envío, ya que puede dar lugar a intercambios productivos, así como a una citación más temprana y mayor de los trabajos publicados (Véase The Effect of Open Access) (en inglés).
Este obra está bajo una licencia de Creative Commons Reconocimiento 4.0 Internacional.
