Valoración del riesgo de dolor de hombro en trabajadores de limpieza viaria y recogida de residuos. Proyecto PRE-REFILAB
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17561/jump.n3.3Palabras clave:
incapacidad temporal laboral, omalgia, prevención de lesiones en el trabajo, factores de riesgo relacionados con el trabajo, barrenderos urbanos, reentrenamientoResumen
Según el informe de la Agencia Europea para la Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo, el dolor de hombro (DH) es uno de los problemas de salud laboral más comunes de Europa. Esta dolencia es especialmente frecuente en los trabajadores de limpieza viaria y recogida de residuos. El proyecto Prevención y Readaptación Física Laboral (PRE-REFILAB) es una intervención novedosa de prevención y readaptación física en el ámbito laboral. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar el riesgo del DH de los trabajadores de limpieza viaria y recogida de residuos de una empresa de servicios urbanos del municipio de Murcia. Un total de 18 trabajadores con edades comprendidas entre 38 y 62 años (52,5±7,1 años) participaron en este estudio. Los trabajadores se caracterizaban por presentar alguna incapacidad temporal laboral por DH en los últimos 12 meses. La composición corporal, la disposición sagital del raquis, el rango de movimiento (ROM) y la fuerza isométrica del hombro fueron evaluadas en este estudio. De acuerdo con los valores de referencia pronóstico establecidos para la población general sana, un análisis descriptivo individual de las diferentes variables evaluadas fue realizado para identificar a los participantes con alto riesgo de DH. El análisis estadístico de dos muestras pareadas mostró asimetría en el ROM de rotación interna de hombro (p = 0,032). Los trabajadores de la empresa de servicios urbanos (≥39% del total) muestran peores valores en la mayoría de los factores de riesgo de dolor de hombro evaluados (composición corporal, curvatura dorsal, ROM de hombro-flexión, aducción y rotación interna- y fuerza de rotación interna) que los valores de referencia de la población general.
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