Institutions, savoirs et eau: le visage changeant des oliveraies du Maghreb
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.17561/at.26.8491Mots-clés :
Développement territorial, Huile d’olive, Irrigation, Culture pluviale, Changement institutionnelRésumé
L’oléiculture est une activité séculaire dans le Maghreb, mais elle est en train de changer en raison de l’expansion de la prospérité et de l’ouverture de nouvelles niches sur le marché intérieur. L’objectif de cet article est de comprendre comment le processus de développement affecte l’agriculture. La méthodologie combine l’analyse des données quantitatives disponibles auprès des agences nationales et internationales, les informations obtenues lors de notre travail sur le terrain et les données extraites de 60 entretiens approfondis menés avec des agriculteurs, des entrepreneurs, des universitaires, des consultants et des décideurs politiques en 2019, 2020 et 2022 dans les principales régions productrices. Les résultats montrent que les nouveaux agriculteurs adoptent de nouveaux modèles d’organisation et de production. La connaissance, l’innovation et l’utilisation de l’eau sont les éléments clés de l’agriculture moderne. Les nouveaux arrivants supplantent les formes traditionnelles d’agriculture. Cependant, des défis économiques, sociaux et environnementaux se profilent à l’horizon.
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