Métodos de valoración ambiental aplicados a la regeneración y reutilización de aguas residuales en agricultura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17561/at.v0i8.3296Resumo
El análisis económico y financiero de los proyectos de sistemas de regeneración y reutilización de aguas residuales se ha concentrado frecuentemente en los costes y beneficios privados, tanto por las dificultades metodológicas relacionadas con la estimación de las externalidades, como por la disponibilidad de datos necesarios para su valoración. La consideración de los costes y beneficios ambientales permite una mejora sustancial en el diseño y gestión de los sistemas de regeneración y reutilización de aguas residuales, ya sean públicos o privados. Como consecuencia, también se produce una mejora en la gestión de las inversiones en estos sistemas de tratamiento. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar unos fundamentos básicos para los principales métodos de valoración ambiental. Y muy especialmente, cuando estos son aplicados en actividades relacionadas con el uso de aguas residuales en agricultura.
Downloads
Referências
Birol, E., Karousakis,, K. y Koundouri, P. 2006: “Using a choice experiment to account for preference heterogeneity in wetland attributes: The case of Cheimaditida wetland in Greece”, en Ecological Economics, 50, 145-156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2006.06.002.
Drechsel, P. y Evans, A. 2010 “Wastewater use in irrigated agriculture”, en Irrigation and Drainage Systems, 24, 1, 1-3. doi:10.1007/s10795-010-9095-5.
Drechsel, P., Scott, CA, Raschid-Sally, L., Redwood, M., B., Bahri, A. 2010: en Drechsel, P., Qadir, P., Wichelns, D. (edits.): Wastewater, Colombo, Springer, 139-152.
Ensink, J. H. y Van der Hoek, W. 2009: “Implementation of the WHO guidelines for the safe use of wastewater in Pakistan: balancing risks and benefits”, en Journal of Water and Health, 7 (3) 464-468. doi: 10.2166/wh.2009.061. PMid: 19491496
Evaluación de los Ecosistemas del Milenio. 2005: Evaluación de los Ecosistemas del Milenio. Washington D. C., Island Press
Griliches, Z. 1971. Price Indexes and Quality Change. Cambridge, Harvard University Press. https://doi.org/10.4159/harvard.9780674592582.
Hamilton, A., Stagnitti, F., Xiong, X., Kreidl, S., Benke, K., Maher, P. 2007: “Wastewater Irrigation: The State of Play”, en Vadose Zone Journal, 6, 4, 823-840. doi:10.2136/vzj2007.0026.
Hurliman, A. y McKay, J. 2007: “Urban Australians using recycled water for domestic non-potable use. An evaluation of the attributes price, saltiness, colour and odour using conjoint analysis”, en Journal of Environmental Management, 83, 93-104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2006.02.008. PMid: 16678338
Jiménez, B, Asano, T. 2008: “Water reclamation and reuse around the world”, en Jiménez B, Asano, T. (coords.): Water reuse: an international survey of current practice, issues and needs. IWA, Londres, 1-26. DOI: 10.2166/9781780401881
Keralta, B., Drechsel, Konradsen, F. 2010: “Up and down the sanitation ladder: harmonizing the treatment and multiple-barrier perspectives on risk reduction in wastewater irrigated agriculture”, en Irrigation and Drainage Systems, 24, 1, 23-35. DOI 10.1007/s10795-009-9087-5.
Lancaster, K. 1971: Consumer demand: A new approach. Columbia University Press, New York. PMCid: PMC197617
Mills, R. A., Karajeh, F. y Hulquist, R. H. 2004. “California’s task force evaluation of issues confronting water reuse”, en Water Science and Technology, 50, 301-308. PMid: 15344805
Mitchell, R. y Carson, R. 1989. Using surveys to value public godos: The contingent valuation method. , Resources for the Future,.
Molinos-Senante, M, Garrido-Baserba, M, Reif, R, Hernández-Sancho, F. y Poch, M. 2012: “Assessment of wastewater treatment plant design for small communities: Environmental and economic aspects”, en Science of the Total Environment, 427, 11-18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.04.023. PMid: 22578695
Pescod, M. B. 1992: “The Urban Water Cycle, including Wastewater Use in Agriculture”, en Outlook on Agriculture, 21, 4, 263-270.
Qadir, M., Sharma, B. R., Bruggeman, A., Chukr-Allah, R., Karajeh, F. 2007a: “Non-conventional water resources and opportunities for water augmentation to achieve food security in water scarce countries”, en Agricultural Water Management, 87, 1, 10, 2-22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2006.03.018.
Qadir, M., Wichelns, D., Raschid-Sally, L., Minhas, P. S., Drechsel, P., Bahri, A. y McCornick, P. 2007b: “Agricultural use of marginal-quality water Non-conventional water resources and opportunies and challenges., en Molden, D. Water for food, water for life: a comprehensive assessment of water management in agricultura. London Earthscan, , 425-457.
Qadir, M., Scott., C. 2010: “Non-pathogenic tradeoffs of wastewater irrigation”, en Drechsel, P., Scott, C. A., Raschid-Sally, L., Redwood, M. y Bahri, A. (edits.): Wastewater irrigation and health: assessing and mitigating risks in low-income countries. London, Earthscan-International Development Research Centre (IDRC)-International Water Management Institute (IWMI), 101-126.
Qadir, M., Mateo-Sagasta, J., Jiménez, B., Siebe, C., Siemens, J. y Hanjra, M. A. 2015: “Environmental Risks and Cost-Effective Risk Management in Wastewater Use Systems”, en Drechsel, P., Qadir, M. y Wichelns, D. (eds.): Wastewater. Colombo, Springer, 55-72. https://doi.org.10.1007/978-94-017-9545-6-4
Raschid-Sally, L. y Jayakody, P. 2008: Drivers and and characteristics of wastewater of wastewater agricultura in developing countries: results from a global assessment. IWMI Research Report 127, International Water Management Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 1-35.
Ramírez Vasco, C. L., Ríos Millán, C. P. y Morales Pinzón, T. 2010. “Estimación de costos inducidos derivados de la calidad del agua potable en Risaralda”, en Scientia et Technica, 44, 117-122.
Rosen, S. 1974: “Hedonic Prices and Implicit Markets: Product Differentiation in Pure Competition”, en Journal of Political Economy, 82, 1, 34-55. https://doi.org/10.1086/260169
Scheierling, S. M., Bartone, C. R., Duncan Mara, D., Drechsel, P. 2011: “Towards an agenda for improving wastewater use in agriculture”, en Water International, 36, 4, 420-440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2011.594527.
Scott, C. A., Faruqui, N. I. y Raschid-Sally, L. 2004: Wastewater Use in Irrigated Agriculture. Wallingford, CAB International-IWMI-IDRC.
Scott, C. A., Drechsel, P., Raschid-Sally, L., Redwood, M., y Bahri, A. (edits.) 2010: Wastewater Irrigation and Health: Assessing and Mitigating Risk in Low-Income Countries. London, Earthscan-International Development Research Centre-International Water Management Institute.
Siemens, J., Huschek, G., Siebe, C., Kaupenjohann, M. 2008: “Concentrations and mobility of human pharmaceuticals in the world’s largest wastewater irrigation system, Mexico City-Mezquital Valley”, en Water Research, 42, 8-9, 2124-2134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2007.11.019. PMid: 18083208
Simmons, R., Qadir, M. y Drechsel, P. 2010: “Farm-based measures for reducing human and environmental health risks from chemical constituents in wastewater” en Drechsel, P., Scott, C. A., Raschid-Sally, L., Redwood, M. y Bahri, A. (edts.): Wastewater irrigation and health: assessing and mitigating risk in low-income countries. London, UK: Earthscan; Ottawa, Canada: International Development Research Centre (IDRC); Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI), 209-238.
Van Roon, M. 2007: “Water localization and reclamation: steps towards low impact urban design and development”, en Journal of Environmental Management, 83, 4, 437-447.
World Health Organization (WHO), 2006: “Wastewater use in agricultura”, en Guidelines for the safe use of wastewater, excreta and greywater (Vol. 2), en http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/wastewater/wwuvol2intro.pdf.
Downloads
Publicado
Edição
Seção
Licença
© Universidad de Jaén-Seminario Permanente Agua, territorio y medio ambiente-CSIC.
Os originais publicados nas edições impressa e eletrônica desta Revista são propriedade da Universidade de Jaén e do Seminário Permanente Água, Território e Meio Ambiente (CSIC), assim como das Universidades que publicam monografias específicas na América Latina ou Europa. A origem deve ser citada em qualquer reprodução parcial ou total.
Salvo indicação em contrário, todo o conteúdo da edição eletrônica é distribuído sob uma licença "Creative Commons Attribution Spain" (CC-by). Você pode consultar daqui a versão informativa e o texto legal da licença. Esta circunstância deve ser expressamente declarada desta forma quando necessário.
