Como escrever mensagens de alerta de inundação
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17561/at.24.8059Palavras-chave:
Comunicação de Risco, Catástrofe, Perigo Natural, VulnerabilidadeResumo
Os sistemas de alerta são essenciais para gerir os fenómenos de inundação e reduzir os danos humanos e materiais. No entanto, a falta de protocolos para o desenvolvimento normalizado de mensagens de aviso é um desafio na comunicação de emergência. Embora as agências de emergência disponham de mensagens básicas, faltam-lhes protocolos para criar e estruturar conteúdos e classificá-los de acordo com diferentes tipologias. Este documento propõe uma metodologia para a criação de uma biblioteca de mensagens de alerta de risco de inundação. Descreve o processo de criação de uma biblioteca encomendada pelos serviços de emergência da Comunidade Valenciana (Espanha). O artigo fornece orientações detalhadas para a identificação das áreas de emergência, a redação de mensagens de forma normalizada e a estruturação do conteúdo da biblioteca de forma sistemática e operacional. As bibliotecas de mensagens são um recurso estratégico para melhorar os sistemas de alerta no atual contexto de alterações climáticas.
Downloads
Referências
Abunyewah, Matthew; Gajendran, Thayaparan; Maund, Kim. 2018: “Conceptual framework for motivating actions towards disaster preparedness through risk communication”. Procedia Engineering, 212, 246-253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. proeng.2018.01.032
Armaş, Iuliana; Avram, Eugen. 2009: “Perception of flood risk in Danube Delta, Romania”. Natural Hazards, 50, 269-287. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-008-9337-0
Aznar-Crespo, Pablo; Aledo, Antonio; Melgarejo-Moreno, Joaquín. 2020: “Social vulnerability to natural hazards in tourist destinations of developed regions”. Science of the total Environment, 709, 135870. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv. 2019.135870
Aznar-Crespo, Pablo; Ortiz, Guadalupe; Aledo, Antonio. 2022: “Construcción de una biblioteca de mensajes para la comunicación del riesgo de inundación”, en Melgarejo, Joaquín; López- Ortiz, María Inmaculada; Fernández-Aracil, Patricia. (Eds.), Agua, energía y medioambiente. Alicante (España), Publicacions de la Universitat d’Alacant, 647-658.
Banco Mundial. 2014: Sistemas de Alerta Temprana por Fenó¬menos Hidrometeorológicos en Colombia: Herramientas para la Toma de Decisiones en Momentos de Emergencias. Bogotá (Colombia), Banco Internacional de Reconstrucción y Fomento / Banco Mundial, Región de América Latina y El Caribe.
Bean, Hamilton; Sutton, Jeannette; Liu, Brooke; Madden, Stephanie; Wood, Michele; Mileti, Dennis. 2015: “The study of mobile public warning messages: a research review and agenda”. Review of Communication, 15, 60-80. https://doi.org/10. 1080/15358593.2015.1014402
Bell, Heather; Tobin, Graham. 2007: “Efficient and effective? The 100-year flood in the communication and perception of flood risk”. Environmental Hazards, 7, 302-311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envhaz.2007.08.004
Botzen, Wouter; Van den Bergh, Jeroen. 2012: “Risk attitudes to low-probability climate change risks: WTP for flood insurance”. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 82, 151-166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2012.01.005
Bradford, Roisin; O’Sullivan, John James; Van der Craats, Irene; Krywkow, Jörg; Rotko, P.; Aaltonen, Juha; Bonaiuto, Marino; De Dominicis, Stefano; Waylen, Kerry; Schelfaut, K. 2012: “Risk perception-issues for flood management in Europe”. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 12, 2299-2309. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-12-2299-2012
Canales, Gregorio; López-Pomares, Alejandro. 2011: “La extensión del regadío en el municipio de Orihuela y su repercusión en el territorio (1910-2010)”. Papeles de Geografía, 53-54, 49-63.
Carsell, Kim; Pingel, Nathan; Ford, David. 2004: “Quantifying the benefit of a flood warning system”. Natural Hazards Review, 5(3), 131-140. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1527-6988(2004)5:3(131)
Chaves, Javier; De Cola, Tomaso. 2017: “Public warning applications: Requirements and examples”. Wireless Public Safety Networks, 3, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-78548-053- 9.50001-9
Confederación Hidrográfica del Segura (CHS). 2019: Datos del Sistema Automático de Información Hidrológica (SAIH) de la Confederación Hidrográfica del Segura. https://www.chsegura.es/es/cuenca/redes-de-control/saih/
Consorcio de Compensación de Seguros (CCS). 2021: Estadística de riesgos extraordinarios (series 1971-2021). Madrid (España), Ministerio de Asuntos Económicos y Transformación Digital. https://www.consorseguros.es/web/documents/10184/44193/Estadistica_Riesgos_Extraordinarios_1971_2014/14ca6778-2081-4060-a86d-728d9a17c522
Covello, Vincent. 2006: “Risk communication and message mapping: A new tool for communicating effectively in public health emergencies and disasters”. Journal of Emergency Management, 4(3), 25-40. https://doi.org/10.5055/jem.2006.0030
Cumiskey, Lydia; Werner, Micha; Meijer, Karen; Fakhruddin, Bapon Shm; Hassan, Ahmadul. 2015: “Improving the social performance of flash flood early warnings using mobile services”. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 6, 57-72. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJDRBE-08-2014-0062
De la Cruz-Reyna, Servando; Tilling, Robert. 2008: “Scientific and public responses to the ongoing volcanic crisis at Popocatépetl Volcano, Mexico: Importance of an effective hazards-warning system”. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 170(1-2), 121-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.09.002
Demeritt, David; Nobert, Sebastien. 2014: “Models of best practice in flood risk communication and management”. Environmental Hazards, 13(4), 313-328. https://doi.org/10.1080/17477 891.2014.924897
Dirección General de Protección Civil y Emergencias (DGPCE). 2021: Sistema de alerta a la población de la red de alerta nacional ES-Alert (RAN-PWS). Protocolo de utilización (borrador). Madrid (España), DGPCE.
Fakhruddin, Bapon; Clark, Helen; Robinson, Lisa; Hieber- Girardet, Loretta. 2020: “Should I stay or should I go now? Why risk communication is the critical component in disaster risk reduction”. Progress in Disaster Science, 8, 100139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdisas.2020.100139
Fischer, Diana; Putzke-Hattori, Johannes; Fischbach, Kai. 2019: “Crisis warning apps: Investigating the factors influencing usage and compliance with recommendations for action”, en Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. Grand Wailea (Hawaii-United States), 11 January 2019. https://doi.org/10.24251/HICSS.2019.079
Gil-Olcina, Antonio; Canales, Gregorio. 2023: Concausas y tipos de inundaciones en la Vega Baja del Segura. Alicante (España), Universidad de Alicante.
Grothmann, Torsten; Reusswig, Fritz. 2006: “People at risk of flooding: Why some residents take precautionary action while others do not”. Natural Hazards, 38, 101-120. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-005-8604-6
Hagemeier-Klose, Maria; Wagner, Klaus. 2009: “Evaluation of flood hazard maps in print and web mapping services as information tools in flood risk communication”. Natural Hazards, 9, 563-574. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-9-563-2009
Harbach, Marian; Fahl, Sascha; Yakovleva, Polina; Smith, Matthew. 2013: “Sorry, I Don’t Get It: An Analysis of Warning Message Texts”, en Adams, A. A., Brenner, M. y Smith, M. (Eds.), Financial Cryptography and Data Security. FC 2013. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Berlin (Deutschland), Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41320-9_7
Heitz, Carine; Spaeter, Sandrine; Auzet, Anne-Véronique; Glatron, Sandrine. 2009: “Local stakeholders’ perception of muddy flood risk and implications for management approaches: a case study in Alsace (France)”. Land Use Policy, 26, 443-451. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2008.05.008
Intrieri, Emanuele; Dotta, Giulia; Fontanelli, Katia; Bianchini, Chiara; Bardi, Federica; Campatelli, Federico; Casagli, Nicola. 2020: “Operational framework for flood risk communication”. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 46, 101510. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101510
Jacks, Elliot; Davidson, Jim; Wai, H.G.; Dupuy, Charles; Tutis, Vlasta; Scharfenberg, Kevin. 2010: Guidelines on early warning systems and application of nowcasting and warning operations. Geneva (Switzerland), World Meteorological Organization.
Kuller, Martijn; Schoenholzer, Kevin; Lienert, Judit. 2021: “Creating effective flood warnings: A framework from a critical review”. Journal of Hydrology, 602, 126708. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126708
Kundzewicz, Zbigniew. 2002: “Non-structural flood protection and sustainability”. Water International, 27(1), 3-13. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060208686972
López-Vázquez, Esperanza; Marvan, María Luisa. 2003: “Risk perception, stress and coping strategies in two catastrophe risk situations”. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 31, 61-70. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2003.31.1.61
Leonard, Graham; Johnston, David; Paton, Douglas; Chris¬tianson, Amy; Becker, Julia; Keys, Harry. 2008: “Developing effective warning systems: Ongoing research at Ruapehu volcano, New Zealand”. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 172(3-4), 199-215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.12.008
Mileti, Dennis; Peek, Lori. 2000: “The social psychology of public response to warnings of a nuclear power plant accident”. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 75(2-3), 181-194. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3894(00)00179-5
Moe, Tun Lie; Pathranarakul, Pairote. 2006: “An integrated approach to natural disaster management: public project management and its critical success factors”. Disaster Prevention and Management: an International Journal, 15(3), 396-413. https://doi.org/10.1108/09653560610669882
Morss, Rebecca; Mulder, Kelsey; Lazo, Jeffrey; Demuth, Julie. 2016: “How do people perceive, understand, and anticipate responding to flash flood risks and warnings? Results from a public survey in Boulder, Colorado, USA”. Journal of Hydrology, 541, 649-664. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.11.047
Murphy, Joe; Rutland, Kaylee; Dyson, Joanne; Leck, Amanda; Rundle, Sascha; Greer, Dominique; Dootson, Paula. 2018: Public information and warnings. Australian Disaster Resilience Handbook Collection, Handbook 16. Melbourne (Australia), Australian Institute for Disaster Resilience.
Nagarajan, Magesh; Shaw, Duncan; Albores, Pavel. 2012: “Disseminating a warning message to evacuate: a simulation study of the behaviour of neighbours”. European Journal of Operational Research, 220, 810-819. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2012.02.026
Neußner, Olaf. 2021: “Early warning alerts for extreme natural hazard events: A review of worldwide practices”. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 60, 102295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102295
Núñez-Mora, José Ángel. 2019: Análisis meteorológico y climático. Temporal de precipitaciones torrenciales. Septiembre de 2019 en la Comunidad Valenciana. Madrid (España), Agencia Estatal de Meteorología.
O’Neill, Saffron; Nicholson-Cole, Sophie. 2009: “’Fear won’t do it‘: promoting positive engagement with climate change through visual and iconic representations”. Science Communication, 30(3), 355-379. https://doi.org/10.1177/1075547008329201
Padilla, Raymundo. 2018: “Prácticas históricas de alertamiento y protección ante huracanes en Baja California Sur”, en Altez, Rogelio, Campos, Isabel (Eds.), Antropología, Historia y Vulnerabilidad. Miradas diversas desde América Latina. Zamora de Hidalgo (Michoacán-México), El Colegio de Michoacán, 141-166.
Párraga-Niebla, Cristina; Chaves, Javier; De Cola, Tomaso. 2016: “Design aspects in multi-channel public warning sys¬tems”, en Cámara, Daniel, Nikaein, Navid (Eds.), Wireless Public Safety Networks 2. Oxford (United Kingdom), Elsevier, 227-261. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-78548-052-2.50008-6
Párraga-Niebla, Cristina; Chaves, Javier; Ramírez-Cisneros, Joaquín; Mendes, Miguel; Ferrer, Montse. 2014: “The Benefits of Alerting System Based on Standardised Libraries”. GRF Davos Planet@Risk, 2(2), 89-93.
Perera, Duminda; Seidou, Ousmane; Agnihotri, Jetal; Mehmood, Hamid; Rasmy, Mohamed. 2020a: “Challenges and technical advances in flood early warning systems (FEWSs)”, en Huang, Guangwei (Ed.), Flood impact mitigation and resilience enhancement. London (United Kingdom), IntechOpen, 19-36.
Perera, Duminda; Agnihotri, Jetal; Seidou, Ousmane; Djalante, Riyanti. 2020b: “Identifying societal challenges in flood early warning systems”. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 51, 101794. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101794
Perić, Jovana; Cvetković, Vladimir. 2019: “Demographic, socio-economic and phycological perspective of risk perception from disasters caused by floods: case study Belgrade”. International Journal of Disaster Risk Management, 1, 31-45. https://doi.org/10.18485/ijdrm.2019.1.2.3
Perreault, Milfred; Houston, Brian; Wilkins, Lee. 2014: “Does scary matter? testing the effectiveness of new national weather service tornado warning messages”. Communication Studies, 65, 484-499. https://doi.org/10.1080/10510974.2014.956942
Reuter, Christian; Kaufhold, Marc-André; Leopold, Inken; Knipp, Hannah. 2017: “Katwarn, NInA, or FEMA? Multi-method Study on Distribution, Use, and Public Views on Crisis Apps”, en European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS). Guimarães (Portugal), 5 de julio de 2017.
Shrestha, Mandira; Goodrich, Chanda; Udas, Pranita; Rai, Dil; Gurung, Min; Khadgi, Vijay. 2016: Flood early warning systems in Bhutan: a gendered perspective. Kathmandu (Nepal), International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD). https://doi.org/10.53055/ICIMOD.632
Sutton, Jeannette; Spiro, Emma; Johnson, Britta; Fitzhugh, Sean; Gibson, Ben; Butts, Carter. 2014: “Warning tweets: serial transmission of messages during the warning phase of a disaster event”. Information, Communication & Society, 17, 765- 787. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2013.862561
Terpstra, Teun; Lindell, Michael; Gutteling, Jan. 2009: “Does communicating (flood) risk affect (flood) risk perceptions? Results of a quasi-experimental study”. Risk Analysis, 29, 1141-1155. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.2009.01252.x
Terpstra, Teun. 2011: “Emotions, trust, and perceived risk: affec¬tive and cognitive routes to flood preparedness behavior”. Risk Analysis, 31, 1658-1675. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.2011.01616.x
Thieken, Annegret; Bubeck, Philip; Heidenreich, Anna; Von Keyserlingk, Jennifer; Dillenardt, Lisa; Otto, Antje. 2023: “Performance of the flood warning system in Germany in July 2021 - insights from affected residents”. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 23(2), 973-990. https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-244
Wachinger, Gisela; Renn, Ortwin; Begg, Chloe; Kuhlicke, Christian. 2013: “The risk perception paradox-implications for governance and communication of natural hazards”. Risk Analysis, 33, 1049-1065. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539- 6924.2012.01942.x
Wagner, Klaus. 2007: “Mental models of flash floods and landslides”. Risk Analysis, 27, 671-682. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.2007.00916.x
Wood, Matthew; Kovacs, Daniel; Bostrom, Ann; Bridges, Todd; Linkov, Igor. 2012: “Flood risk management: US Army Corps of Engineers and layperson perceptions”. Risk Analysis, 32, 1349-1368. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.2012.01832.x
Zambrano, Ana María; Palau, Carlos; Esteve, Domingo Manuel; Zambrano, Óscar. 2016: “Sistema de alerta temprana para terremotos: Una propuesta innovadora y económica basa¬da en Smartphones”, en XXVI Jornadas en Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica. Escuela Politécnica Nacional. Quito (Ecuador), 8 de julio de 2016.
Publicado
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2024 Pablo Aznar-Crespo, Antonio Aledo, Guadalupe Ortiz, Josep Tur-Vives
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
© Universidad de Jaén-Seminario Permanente Agua, territorio y medio ambiente-CSIC.
Os originais publicados nas edições impressa e eletrônica desta Revista são propriedade da Universidade de Jaén e do Seminário Permanente Água, Território e Meio Ambiente (CSIC), assim como das Universidades que publicam monografias específicas na América Latina ou Europa. A origem deve ser citada em qualquer reprodução parcial ou total.
Salvo indicação em contrário, todo o conteúdo da edição eletrônica é distribuído sob uma licença "Creative Commons Attribution Spain" (CC-by). Você pode consultar daqui a versão informativa e o texto legal da licença. Esta circunstância deve ser expressamente declarada desta forma quando necessário.