Determinantes del consumo de energía renovable en la Unión Europea: Un análisis entre ue-15 y los 13 nuevos miembros
Palabras clave:
Energía renovable, Factores económicos, Factores sociales, Unión EuropeaResumen
El cambio climático es una gran preocupación mundial y está estrechamente relacionado con las estrategias utilizadas para generación y consumo de energía. Así, la búsqueda de fuentes de energías renovables ha crecido exponencialmente en las últimas décadas. A nivel de la Unión Europea (UE) se estableció que para 2020 el porcentaje de EERR debería cubrir un 20 por cien del consumo total de energía y para el 2030, al menos un 32 por cien. En este sentido, el objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el efecto de factores económicos y sociales en el consumo de energías renovables en el período 1995-2018 en los países de la UE, considerando, por un lado, el grupo UE-15, y, por otro, los 13 países que se incorporaron a la UE desde 2004. A través de la técnica de datos de panel se estimaron modelos que permiten concluir que el comportamiento de las variables es distinto al considerar la UE-28, el grupo UE-15 y el grupo de los 13 nuevos países miembros. Para cumplir con el objetivo propuesto para 2030 es necesario tener en cuenta la heterogeneidad entre países y elaborar planes que combinen aspectos económicos y sociales.
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