Satisfacción laboral y COVID-19: el caso del sector de los cruceros
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17561/ree.n1.2024.8132Palabras clave:
COVID-19, cruceros, experiencia de empleado, navieras, satisfacciónResumen
El empleo en el sector turístico es habitualmente objeto de debate, ya que se caracteriza por una elevada intensidad horaria y bajas remuneraciones, lo que, a menudo, origina empleados insatisfechos y una alta rotación. El principal objetivo de este trabajo es conocer el nivel de satisfacción de la experiencia de empleado en el sector cruceros y cómo se ha modificado tras la pandemia de COVID-19. También analiza las motivaciones que tienen los empleados de cruceros. Además, se pretende conocer la existencia en este sentido de diferencias entre empleados en función de su origen, puesto de trabajo, nivel salarial y otras variables relevantes. La metodología empleada combina análisis cuantitativo, a partir de una encuesta a empleados a bordo de cruceros durante largas temporadas, y análisis cualitativo, realizado sobre los resultados de entrevistas semiestructuradas a trabajadores de forma presencial en el momento de desembarcar en puerto. Los resultados indican que, en general, los empleados del sector se muestran satisfechos, incluida la gestión de la pandemia. No obstante, existen elementos a mejorar, pues advierten de los bajos salarios y de la dureza de las condiciones laborales en los cruceros, ya que el 70,36% de los trabajadores permanecen embarcados más de 7 meses, el 93,21% trabajan los 7 días de la semana y el 87,14% realizan jornadas de más de 9 horas. Se concluye que el sector debería realizar reformas en las condiciones laborales para mejorar la experiencia de empleado. Resulta relevante que, precisamente a causa de la pandemia de COVID-19, se han implementado procedimientos y protocolos que han servido para mejorarla.
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