Las alianzas estratégicas internacionales. El impacto del origen del socio en la relación
Keywords:
alianzasAbstract
Las alianzas estratégicas son un fenómeno que ha experimentado un notable aumento en los últimos años. El motivo viene dado por los cambios que está experimentando el entorno internacional. Es decir, el proceso de globalización determina la creación de alianzas, convirtiéndose en un elemento esencial para crear y mantener ventajas competitivas. Es en este contexto internacional, donde la cultura juega un importante papel en cuanto a la gestión de las relaciones que se establecen en las alianzas estratégicas internacionales. El principal objetivo de este trabajo es identificar grupos de alianzas según los elementos relacionales que las caracterizan. Para ello, hemos partido del modelo propuesto por Hunt y otros (2002), sobre el cual hemos creado una serie de hipótesis, sustentadas en las variables relacionales y que han sido contrastadas en empresas españolas que desarrollan alianzas estratégicas internacionales, para su estudio hemos formado tres grupos en virtud de la procedencia del socio: entre empresas españolas para salir a los mercados exteriores, empresas españolas con socios europeos y empresas españolas con socios externos a la UE. La herramienta que nos permite identificar diferencias significativas entre los grupos es el ANOVA.
ABSTRACT
The strategic alliances are a phenomenon that has experienced a great increase in the last years. The reasons are the changes that the international environment is producing. That is to say, the globalization process determines the creation of alliances, becoming an essential element to create and to maintain advantages competitive. The international context is where the culture plays an important role as inside of the relations that are established in the international strategic alliances. The main goal of our paper is to identify groups of alliances according to the relational elements that characterize them. We have left from the model proposed by Hunt and other (2002), on which we have created a set of hypothesis. They have been sustained in the relational variables and that have been tested in a sample of Spanish companies that develop international strategic alliances. We have created three groups depending on the origin of the partner: among Spanish companies to go out to the foreign markets, Spanish companies with European partner and Spanish companies with partner from outside EU. The ANOVA is the statistical tool that allows us to identify significant differences between the groups.
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