The tourism experience in university degree curriculums in Tourism
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17561/ree.n2.2024.8796Keywords:
Degree in Tourism, tourism experience, study plan, skills, Content AnalysisAbstract
Tourism and the experience economy are closely linked. The aim of this study is to assess the extent, timing, and manner in which the tourist experience has been integrated into the curriculum of official undergraduate Tourism degrees in Spain, given that a relevant curriculum is the most crucial element of an educational program.
For this purpose, we have employed a bibliometric analysis. Through a Content Analysis of the verification reports of Tourism degrees, using ATLAS.ti v.24, we have identified a temporal disconnect between the reality of the tourism industry and its corresponding academic training. Therefore, a greater integration of the tourist experience into the curriculum is necessary. This could be particularly achieved by introducing more mandatory courses that cover this subject matter. It is recommended that universities review their study plans to more significantly incorporate the tourist experience, in line with CEDTUR's recommendations.
The significant practical implications of this research for the employability of graduates extend to the entire tourism ecosystem. It has highlighted a discrepancy between the needs of businesses and educational programs, leading to recommendations for the implementation of improvement measures in the verification reports of Tourism degrees.
Downloads
References
Abad Galzacorta, M., y Fernández-Villarán, A. (2022). Diseñando experiencias sostenibles en turismo. In Diseñando experiencias sostenibles en turismo. Tirant Humanidades. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/libro?codigo=863486&info=resumen&idioma=SPA
Adeyinka-Ojo, S., Lee, S., Abdullah, S.K., & Teo, J. (2020). Hospitality and tourism education in an emerging digital economy. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 12(2), 113–125. https://doi.org/https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WHATT-12-2019-0075/full/html
Agencia para la Calidad del Sistema Universitario de Cataluña (2019). Empleadores. La opinión del colectivo empleador sobre la formación de las personas tituladas en turismo. https://www.aqu.cat/es/doc/Estudis/il-ocupadors/2a-edicio/La-opinion-del-colectivo-empleador-sobre-la-formacion-de-las-personas-tituladas-en-Turismo
Alagöz, S. B., & Ekici, N. (2014). Experiential marketing and vacation experience: The sample of Turkish Airlines. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 150, 500–510. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.09.065
Al-Romeedy, B.S., Moosa, S., & Elbaz, A.M. (2020). Does the Curricula of Tourism Studies in Higher Education Meet the Educational and Occupational Needs of the Tourism Labour Market? African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 9(5), 1131–1143. https://doi.org/10.46222/AJHTL.19770720-73
ANECA (2004). Libro Blanco. Título de Grado en Turismo. Agencia Nacional de Evaluación de la Calidad y Acreditación, Madrid.
Börner, K., Huang, W., Linnemeier, M., Duhon, R., Phillips, P., Ma, N., ... & Price, M. (2010). Rete-netzwerk-red: analyzing and visualizing scholarly networks using the Network Workbench Tool. Scientometrics, 83(3), 863–876. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-009-0149-0
Boyack, K. W., Klavans, R., & Börner, K. (2005). Mapping the backbone of science. Scientometrics, 64, 351–374.
Campón Cerro, A.M., Folgado Fernández, J.A., Hernández Mogollón, J.M., Mariño Romero, J.M., & Mariño, J.A. (2014a). Una triple perspectiva para el análisis de la docencia de las competencias TIC en el Grado de Turismo. Revista de estudios económicos y empresariales, 26, 137–154. Centro Universitario de Plasencia. http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4875528&info=resumen&idioma=SPA
Campón-Cerro, A.M., Hernández-Mogollón, J., Folgado-Fernández, J.A., Mariño-Romero, J. M., & Alvarado-Corrales, E. (2014b). La docencia de las competencias TIC en el Grado en Turismo: la perspectiva del alumnado. In TMS ALGARVE 2014 – MANAGEMENT STUDIES INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE. http://esghtconferences.org/tms2014/index.php/TMS2014/TMS2014/paper/view/1549
Camprubí, R., & Coromina, L. (2016). Content analysis in tourism research. Tourism Management Perspectives, 18, 134–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2016.03.002
Carballo Fuentes, R., Moreno-Gil, S., León González, C., & Brent Ritchie, J. R. (2015). La creación y promoción de experiencias en un destino turístico. Un análisis de la investigación y necesidades de actuación. Cuadernos de Turismo, 35, 71–94. https://doi.org/10.6018/turismo.35.221511
Cerezo Medina, A. (2016). Análisis de percepciones y necesidades formativas en tecnologías de la información y la comunicación en turismo. El caso de Andalucía [Universidad de Málaga]. http://riuma.uma.es/xmlui/handle/10630/11442
CEDTUR (2023). Directrices para el diseño y la modificación del título de Grado en Turismo.
Consejo Mundial de Viajes y Turismo (2019). World, Transformed. Megatrends and their implications for the travel & tourism. https://wttc.org/Portals/0/Documents/Reports/2019/World%20Transformed-Megatrends%20and%20their%20Implications%20for%20Travel%20and%20Tourism-Jan%202019.pdf?ver=2021-02-25-182733-437
Di-Clemente, E., Hernández-Mogollón, J. M., & Campón-Cerro, A. M. (2020). Tourists’ involvement and memorable food-based experiences as new determinants of behavioural intentions towards typical products. Current Issues in Tourism, 23(18): 2319–2332. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2019.1631265
Dirección de Evaluación y Acreditación (2022). Documento de Conclusiones sobre la Situación de los Titulados de Graduado o Graduada en Turismo en Andalucía.
Fandos Herrera, C., Puyuelo Arilla, J.M. (2013). La generación de lealtad a un destino de turismo gastronómico como factor clave en el desarrollo rural. Cuardenos aragoneses -de economía. 23(1-2), 47–73
Femenia-Serra, F. (2018). Smart Tourism Destinations and Higher Tourism Education in Spain. Are We Ready for This New Management Approach? Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism, 437–449. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72923-7_33
Frocho.t, I. (2022). A practical guide to managing tourist experiences (1st ed.). Roultledge. https://www.routledge.com/A-Practical-Guide-to-Managing-Tourist-Experiences/Frochot/p/book/9780367819828
Garfield, E. (1972). Citation analysis as a tool in journal evaluation. Science, 178(4060), 471–479. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.178.4060.471
Garner, R. M., Hirsch, J. A., Albuquerque, F. C., & Fargen, K. M. (2018). Bibliometric indices: defining academic productivity and citation rates of researchers, departments and journals. Journal of neurointerventional surgery, 10(2), 102–106. https://doi.org/10.1136/neurintsurg-2017-013265
Godovykh, M., & Tasci, A.D.A. (2020). Customer experience in tourism: A review of definitions, components, and measurements. Tourism Management Perspectives, 35, 100694. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TMP.2020.100694
Goytia, A. (2022). Claves para el diseño integral de experiencias turísticas significativas, transformadoras del turista y regenerativas del destino. In Diseñando experiencias sostenibles en turismo, 2022, ISBN 978-84-18970-57-3, 27–36. Tirant Humanidades. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=8457165
Guevara Plaza, A (2014). Nuevo marco formative en turismo y perfiles competenciales. Estudios Turísticos, 200, 39–59. https://doi.org/10.61520/et.2002014.1184
Henderson, M., Shurville, S. and Fernstrom, K. (2009). The quantitative crunch: The impact of bibliometric research quality assessment exercises on academic development at small conferences. Campus-Wide Information Systems, Vol. 26 No. 3, pp. 149-167. https://doi.org/10.1108/10650740910967348
Holbrook, M.B., & Hirschman, E.C. (1982). The experiential aspects of consumption: Consumer fantasies, feelings, and fun. Journal of Consumer Research, 9(2), 132–140. https://doi.org/10.1086/208906
Hosseini, S., Cortes, R., & Almeida, F. (2023). Memorable tourism experience research: a systematic review of the literature. Tourism Recreation Research, 48(3), 465–479. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2021.1922206
Howison, J., & Bullard, J. (2016). Software in the scientific literature: Problems with seeing, finding, and using software mentioned in the biology literature. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 67(9), 2137–2155. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.23538
Instituto Nacional de Estadística (2022). Cuenta Satélite del Turimso de España (CSTE). https://www.ine.es/prensa/cst_2022.pdf
Kastenholz, E., & Gronau, W. (2022). Enhancing Competences For Co-Creating Appealing and Meaningful Cultural Heritage Experiences in Tourism. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 46(8), 1519–1544. https://doi.org/10.1177/1096348020951637
Kraus, S., Mahto, R. V., & Walsh, S. T. (2021). The importance of literature reviews in small business and entrepreneurship research. Journal of Small Business Management, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1080/00472778.2021.1955128
Lee, H. M., & Smith, S. L. J. (2015). A Visitor Experience Scale: Historic Sites and Museums. Journal of China Tourism Research, 11(3), 255–277. https://doi.org/10.1080/19388160.2015.1083499
Li, M., & Chen, J. (2019). High-speed rail network in China: the contribution of fast trains to regional tourism and economic development. Tourism Review, 75(2), 414–432. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-12-2018-0197
Marinakou, E., & Giousmpasoglou, C. (2015). Stakeholders’ Views on the Development of a Higher Education Hospitality Program in Bahrain: Challenges and Opportunities. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Education, 27(2), 85–92. https://doi.org/10.1080/10963758.2015.1033104
Mehmetoglu, M., & Engen, M. (2011). Pine and Gilmore’s Concept of Experience Economy and Its Dimensions: An Empirical Examination in Tourism. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism, 12(4), 237–255. https://doi.org/10.1080/1528008X.2011.541847
Mesa del Turismo de España y ObservaTUR (2024). El turismo que viene. Fortalezas, retos y objetivos para consolidar el sector. https://www.observatur.es/download/4551/?tmstv=1709632124
Ministerio de Universidades (2023). Estadísticas de Estudiantes. https://public.tableau.com/app/profile/equiposiiu/viz/Academica22_EEU/InfografiaEEU
Muhuri, P. K., Shukla, A. K., & Abraham, A. (2019). Industry 4.0: A bibliometric analysis and detailed overview. Engineering applications of artificial intelligence, 78, 218–235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2018.11.007
Oh, H., Fiore, A. M., & Jeoung, M. (2007). Measuring Experience Economy Concepts: Tourism Applications. Journal of Travel Research, 46(2), 119-132. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287507304039
Pearce, P.L., & Zare, S. (2017). The orchestra model as the basis for teaching tourism experience design. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 30, 55–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2017.01.004
Pine, B.J. y Gilmore, J.H. (1999). The experience economy: Work is theatre and every business a stage, Harvard Business School Press: Boston.
Pradhan, P. (2017). Science mapping and visualization tools used in bibliometric & scientometric studies: An overview. In https://ir.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/1944/2132/1/INFLIBNET%20NEWSLETTER%20Vol.23%20No.%204%20(October-%20December%202016).pdf (access 06 november 2022), 19–33.
Pranckutė, R. (2021). Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus: The titans of bibliographic information in today’s academic world. Publications, 9(1), 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/publications9010012
Price, D. J. D. S. (1965). Networks of scientific papers: The pattern of bibliographic references indicates the nature of the scientific research front. Science, 149(3683), 510–515. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.149.3683.510
Quan S. & Wang N. (2004). Towards a structural model of the tourist experience: an illustration from food experiences in tourism”. Tourism Management, Volume 25, Issue 3, pp 297-305. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(03)00130-4
Rajan, R., Rajest, S., & Singh, B. (2021). Spatial data mining methods databases and statistics point of views. Innovations in Information and Communication Technology Series, 103–109. https://doi.org/10.46532/978-81-950008-7-6_010
Renfors, S.M., Veliverronena, L., & Grinfelde, I. (2020). Developing Tourism Curriculum Content to Support International Tourism Growth and Competitiveness: An Example from the Central Baltic Area. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Education, 32(2), 124–132. https://doi.org/10.1080/10963758.2019.1654889
Ritchie, B. & Hudson, S (2009). Understanding and Meeting the Challenges of Consumer/Tourist Experience Research. International Journal of Tourism Research, 11, 111-126. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.721.
Rodríguez Zulaica, A. (2017). ¿Cómo diseñar una experiencia turística? Barcelona. Editorial UOC.
Sappleton, N. (Ed.). (2013). Advancing research methods with new technologies. IGI Global.
Skakun, M., Jević, G., & Jević, J. (2016). Law in accredited tourism curricula at higher education institutions in Serbia. Turističko poslovanje, 17, 81–88. https://doi.org/10.5937/TURPOS1617081S
Sotiriadis, M., & Gursoy, D. (2016). The Handbook of Managing and Marketing Tourism Experiences. Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
Stalmirska, A.M. and Camprubí, R. (2022). Conducting a Systematic Qualitative Content Analysis in Hospitality and Tourism Research. Okumus, F., Rasoolimanesh, S.M. and Jahani, S. (Ed.) Contemporary Research Methods in Hospitality and Tourism, Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 127-141. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-80117-546-320221009
Strauss, A. y Corbin, J. (2002). Bases de la investigación cualitativa. Técnicas y procedimientos para desarrollar la Teoría Fundamentada. Medellín: Universidad de Antioquia.
Taylor, S. y Bogdan, R. (2000). Introducción a los métodos cualitativos (3a. ed.). Barcelona: Paidós.
Tsaur, S.H; Chiu, Y.T. y Wang, C.H. (2006). The visitors behavioural consequences of experiential marketing: an empirical study on Taipei Zoo. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 21(1), 47–64. https://doi.org/10.1300/J073v21n01_04
United Nations World Tourism Organization (2019). International Tourism Highlights. UNWTO, Madrid. https://doi.org/10.18111/9789284421152
Voss, C. (2004). Trends in the Experience and Service Economy, the Experience Profit Cycle, London School of Business, pp 1–39.
Williams, A. (2006). Tourism and hospitality marketing: fantasy, feeling and fun. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, vol. 18, nº 6, pp. 482-495.
Yu, Y., Li, Y., Zhang, Z., Gu, Z., Zhong, H., Zha, Q., ... & Chen, E. (2020). A bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer of publications on COVID-19. Annals of translational medicine, 8(13). https://doi.org/10.21037/atm-20-4235
Zehrer, A., & Mössenlechner, C. (2009). Key competencies of tourism graduates: The employers' point of view. Journal of Teaching in Travel & Tourism, 9(3-4), 266–287. https://doi.org/10.1080/15313220903445215
Zhuang, Y., Liu, X., Nguyen, T., He, Q., & Hong, S. (2013). Global remote sensing research trends during 1991–2010: a bibliometric analysis. Scientometrics, 96(1), 203–219. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-012-0918-z
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Alfonso Cerezo Medina, Josefa García Mestanza, Marina Haro Aragú
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
- Authors maintain the copyright, but they guarantee the journal its right for publication, that is under Creative Commons Licence, permitting others share the work, whereas clearly indicating the author and the first publication of the journal.
- Authors could adopt non-exclusive licence agreements for delivering the published version, whereas clearly indicating the first publishing in Revista de Estudios Empresariales. Second Era.
- Authors are encouraged to spread their works through Internet before and during the sending process, in order to make interesting scientific discussions that could increase the cites of the published work (Open Citation Project).
Revista de Estudios Empresariales. Second Era, uses PKP Preservation Network (PN).
