Philosophical framework for the organizational commitment: discussion of the Allen & Meyer model and proposal of a new model of study
Keywords:
Affective Commitment, Organizational Commitment Model, Perception of Human Resources Policies, Philosophical Framework for the Organizational CommitmentAbstract
The objective of this paper is to discuss and propose a new model for the study of the Organizational Commitment, since such a fragmented research as the current one, derived from the diversity of models that have followed each other since the beginning of its study (Becker, 1960), has generated a great deal of confusion. Confusion, which has also been increased by specialists in factorial analysis, by focusing too much on the mathematical interpretation of their results and forgetting the very nature of measurement. Circumstances that justify: a) the development of a philosophical framework for the Organizational Commitment, which supports it from a double perspective: that of the worker, and that of the organization according to the leadership style that is used by management; b) the discussion, based on the referred framework, of the three-dimensional proposal of Allen & Meyer (1990), since as it has been sufficiently demonstrated in diverse investigations (Bergman, 2006; Cohen, 2003; Jong-Wook, Price, & Mueller, 1997; Solinger, Van Olffen, & Roe, 2008), not all its dimensions measure this type of commitment; c) the concretion of the proposal itself, based on the empirical research carried out to that end, of a new study model that serves as a guide to the empirical part of the future research. The present work proposes a new model of Organizational Commitment, which defines it as a construct of a single dimension of an affective nature, which is moderated by the ethical conception of the worker.
Downloads
References
Albrecht, S., & Andreetta, M. (2011). The influence of empowering leadership, empowerment and engagement on affective commitment and turnover intentions in community health service workers: Test of a model. Leadership in Health Services, vol. 24, nº 3, pp. 228-237. https://doi.org/10.1108/17511871111151126
Allen, N., & Meyer, J. (1990). The measurement and antecedents of affective, continuance and normative commitment to the organization. Journal of Occupational Psychology, vol. 63, nº 1, pp. 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8325.1990.tb00506.x
Allport, G. (1943). The Ego in Contemporary Psychology. Psychological Review, vol. 50, nº 5, pp. 451-478. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0055375
Apascaritei, P., & Elvira, M. (2018). Agilidad Estratégica a Través del Capital Humano/ ST-nº 479, pp. 1-15. https://doi.org/10.15581/018.ST-479
Arciniega, L. (2002). Compromiso organizacional México ¿Cómo hacer que la gente se ponga la camiseta ? Dirección Estratégica, nº 11, pp. 21-23.
Aristóteles. (2011). Ética a Nicómaco. Madrid: Tecnos.
Ariza, J., & Morales, E. (1997). Flexibilidad y compromiso: cemento de las estructuras organizativas emergentes. Estudios Financieros, nº 175, pp. 95-150.
Ashman, I., & Winstanley, D. (2006). The ethics of organizational commitment. Business Ethics: A European Review, vol. 15, nº 2, pp. 142-153. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8608.2006.00438.x
Ávila, S. (2017). Desde la felicidad hacia el compromiso. Madrid: Pearson Eduación S.A.
Ávila, S. (2019). Modelo de Gestión del Compromiso Organizacional: Estudio aplicado a una Empresa de Servicios de Seguridad Privada en España. Universidad CEU San Pablo. Retrieved from https://www.educacion.gob.es/teseo/mostrarSeleccion.do
Ávila, S., & Pascual, M. (2019). Propiedades psicométricas de un cuestionario para evaluar la percepción de los trabajadores de las políticas de recursos humanos y su compromiso organizacional. Methaodos. Revista de Ciencias Sociales, vol. 7, nº 2, pp. 165-183. https://doi.org/10.17502/m.rcs.v7i2.258
Baez-Santana, R. A., Zayas-Agüero, P. M., Velázquez-Zaldívar, R., & Lao-León, Y. O. (2019). Modelo conceptual del compromiso organizacional en empresas cubanas / Conceptual model of organizational commitment in Cuban enterprises Modelo conceptual del compromiso organizacional en empresas cubanas Conceptual model of organizational commitment in C. Ingenieria Industrial, XXXVIII, nº 3, pp. 14-23.
Basak, A., & Vandenberghe, C. (2016). Organizational and career-oriented commitment and employee development behaviors. Journal of Managerial Psychology, vol. 31, nº 5, pp. 930-945.
https://doi.org/10.1108/JMP-04-2015-0157
Bass, B. (1999). Two Decades of Research and Development in Transformational Leadership. Psychology Press Ltd European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, vol. 8, nº 1, pp. 9-32. https://doi.org/10.1080/135943299398410
Bauman, Z. (2004). Modernidad líquida. Buenos Aires: Fondo de Cultura Económica de Argentina.
Becker, H. (1960). Notes On the Concept of Commitment. The American Journal of Sociology, vol. 66, nº 1, pp. 32-40. https://doi.org/10.1086/222820
Bergman, M. (2006). The relationship between affective and normative commitment: Review and research agenda. Journal of Organizational Behavior, vol. 27, nº 5, pp. 645-663. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.372
Bermejo, J. C., Villacieros, M., & Magaña, M. (2014). Perfil, motivación, satisfacción y compromiso de un voluntariado de acompañamiento en duelo. Propiedades psicométricas de los cuestionarios Organizational Commitment Questionnarie y Job Diagnostic Survey. Medicina Paliativa, nº 24, pp. 4-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medipa.2014.05.003
Branham, L. (2005). The 7 Hidden Reasons Employees Leave: How to Recognize the Subtle Signs and Act Before It's Too Late. New York: American Management Association.
Buchanan, B. (1974). Building Organizational Commitment: The Socialization of Managers in Work Organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly, vol. 19, nº 4, pp. 533-546. https://doi.org/10.2307/2391809
Cappelli, P. (2000). The new deal at work. Chicago-Kent Law Review, vol. 76, nº 2, pp. 1169-1193.
Cardona, P. (2000). Liderazgo relacional (Documento de investigación IESE Business School nº 412.
Carmeli, A., & Freund, A. (2004). Work Commitment, Job Satisfaction, and Job Performance: an Empirical Investigation. International Journal of Organization Theory and Behavior, vol. 6, nº 4, pp. 289309. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOTB-07-03-2004-B001
Cernas, D. A., & Nava, R. M. (2019). Compromiso organizacional y promedio escolar en estudiantes de maestría: el efecto moderador de las tendencias alocéntricas e idiocéntricas. Revista Electrónica de Investigación Educativa, vol. 21, nº e26, pp. 1-10. https://doi.org/10.24320/redie.2019.21.e26.2122
Chang, C.-H. (2006). "I" is to continuance as "We" is to affective: the relevance of the self‐concept for organizational commitment. Journal of Organizational Behavior, vol. 27, nº 5, pp. 549-570. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.364
Chiavenato, I. (2009). Gestión del talento humano. México, D.F.: McGraw-Hill.
Chinchilla, N. (2000). Ties of Belonging and Organizational Commitment (Nota Ténica IESE Business School No. FHN-326-E).
Chughtai, A. (2013). Linking affective commitment to supervisor to work outcomes. Journal of Managerial Psychology, vol. 28, nº 6, pp. 606-627. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMP-09-2011-0050. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMP-09-2011-0050
Cohen, A. (2003). Multiple Commitments in the Workplace: An Integrative Approach. The Academy of Management Review. Psychology Press. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781410607423
Cohen, A. (2007). Commitment before and after: An evaluation and reconceptualization of organizational commitment. Human Resource Management Review, vol. 17, nº 3, pp. 336-354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2007.05.001
Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2007). Fluir (Flow). Una psicología de la felicidad. Barcelona: Kairós.
Dávila, C., & Jiménez, G. (2014). Sentido de pertenencia y compromiso organizacional: predicción del bienestar. Revista de Psicología, vol. 32, nº 2, pp. 272-302.
Dávila, M., & Jiménez, G. (2012). Organizational Identification and Commitment: Correlates of Sense of Belonging and Affective Commitment. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, vol. 15, nº 1, pp. 244-255. https://doi.org/10.5209/rev_SJOP.2012.v15.n1.37316
De Frutos, B., Ruiz, M., & San Martín, R. (1998). Análisis factorial confirmatorio de las dimensiones. Psicológica, nº 19, pp. 345-366.
Eldor, L., & Harpaz, I. (2015). A process model of employee engagement: The learning climate and its relationship with extra-role performance behaviors. Journal of Organizational Behavior, vol. 37, nº 2, pp. 213-235. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2037
Farrell, D., & Rusbult, C. (1981). Exchange Variables As Predictors of Job Satisfaction, Job Commitment, and Turnover: The Impact of Rewards, Costs, Alternatives, and Investments. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, vol. 28, nº 1, pp. 78-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-5073(81)90016-7
García Parra, A. T. (2004). Una nueva teoría de motivación: El modelo antropológico de Juan Antonio Pérez López. Revista Puertorriqueña de Psicología, vol. 15, nº 1, pp. 123-163. Retrieved from https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4896080.
Gavilán, D., Fernández-Lores, S., María, A., & de Andrés, E. (2014). Medir el compromiso, el nuevo must de RR.HH.
George, D., & Mallery, P. (2003). SPSS for Windows step by step: A simple guide and reference. 11.0" (4a). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
Goleman, D. (1999). La práctica de la inteligencia emocional. Barcelona: Kairos.
Gómez-Llera, G. (1990). Los recursos humanos en las organizaciones (Nota Técnica IESE Business School No. FHN-215. Rev 1/91). Barcelona.
González-Cruz, T., & Guillén, M. (2008). Organizational Commitment: A Proposal for a Wider Ethical Conceptualization of 'Normative Commitment.' Journal of Business Ethics, vol. 78, nº 3, pp. 401-414. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-006-9333-9
González, F., López-Guzmán, T., & Sánchez, S. (2014). Job satisfaction and organizational commitment in human resources in the hotel sector of Cordoba (Spain): Influence of the type of contract and working day. Intangible Capital, vol. 10, nº 1, pp. 189-211. https://doi.org/10.3926/ic.489
González, F., Sánchez, S., & López, T. (2014). Influencia de variables personales en el compromiso organizativo de los empleados del sector hotelero. Revista Galega de Economía, vol. 23, nº 2, pp. 27-46. https://doi.org/10.15304/rge.23.2.2481
Hansen, A., Byrne, Z., & Kiersch, C. (2014). How interpersonal leadership relates to employee engagement. Journal of Managerial Psychology, vol. 29, nº 8, pp. 953-972. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMP-11-2012-0343
Jaros, S. (2007). Meyer and Allen Model of Organizational Commitment : Measurement Issues. The Icfai Journal of Organizational Behavior, vol. 6, nº 4, pp. 7-26.
Jay, S. (2004). La falsa medida del hombre. Barcelona: Crítica.
Jong-Wook, K., Price, J., & Mueller, C. (1997). Assessment of Meyer and Allen's Three-Component Model of Organizational Commitment in South Korea. [Report]. Journal of Applied Psychology December 1997; vol. 82, nº 6, pp. 961-973. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.82.6.961
Juaneda, E., & González, L. (2007). Definición, antecedentes y consecuencias del compromiso organizativo. Conocimiento, Innovación y Emprendedores: Camino Al Futuro, pp. 3590-3609.
Kam, C., Morin, A., Meyer, J., & Topolnytsky, L. (2016). Are Commitment Profiles Stable and Predictable? A Latent Transition Analysis. Journal of Management, vol. 42, nº 6, pp. 1462-1490. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206313503010
Kanter, R. (1968). Commitment and Social Organization: A Study of Commitment Mechanisms in Utopian Communities. American Sociological Review, vol. 33, nº 4, pp. 499-517. https://doi.org/10.2307/2092438
Kehoe, R., & Wright, P. (2010). The Impact of High Performance HR Practices on Employees' Attitudes and Behaviors. Journal of Management - J MANAGE, vol. 36, nº 2, pp. 366-391. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206310365901
Klein, H. (2016). Commitment in organizational contexts: Introdyuction to the special issue. Journal of Organizational Behavior, nº 37, pp. 489-493. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2103
Luchak, A., & Gellatly, I. (2007). A comparison of linear and nonlinear relations between organizational commitment and work outcomes. [References]. Journal of Applied Psychology, vol. 92, nº 3, pp. 786-793. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.92.3.786
Maella, P. (2010). Occasional Paper ¿ Cómo establecer una estrategia de recursos humanos eficaz? (Ocasional Paper IESE Business School No. OP-181).
Mercurio, Z. (2015). Affective Commitment as a Core Essence of Organizational Commitment: An Integrative Literature Review. Human Resource Development Review, vol. 14, nº 4, pp. 389-414. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534484315603612
Meyer, J., & Allen, N. (1984). Testing the "side-bet theory" of organizational commitment: Some methodological considerations. Journal of Applied Psychology, vol. 69, nº 3, pp. 372-378. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.69.3.372
Meyer, J., & Allen, N. (1997). Commitment in the Workplace: Theory, Research, and Application. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Meyer, J., & Herscovitch, L. (2001). Commitment in the Workplace: Toward a General Model. Human Resource Management Review, vol. 11, nº 3, pp. 299-326. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-4822(00)00053-X
Meyer, J., & Morin, A. (2016). A person‐centered approach to commitment research: Theory, research, and methodology. Journal of Organizational Behavior, vol. 37, nº 4, pp. 584-612. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2085
Meyer, J., Stanley, D., Herscovitch, L., & Topolnytsky, L. (2002). Affective, continuance, and normative commitment to the organization: A meta-analysis of antecedents, correlates, and consequences. Journal of Vocational Behavior, vol. 61, nº 1, pp. 20-52. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.2001.1842
Morrow, P. (2011). Managing organizational commitment: Insights from longitudinal research. Journal of Vocational Behavior, vol. 79, nº 1, pp. 18-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2010.12.008
Mowday, R., Porter, L., & Dubin, R. (1974). Unit Performance, Situational Factors, and Employee Attitudes in Spatially Separated Work Units. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, vol. 12, nº 2, pp. 231-248. https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-5073(74)90048-8
Mowday, R., Porter, L., & Steers, R. (1982). Employee-Organization Linkages: the psychology of commitment, absenteeism, and turnover. New York: Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-509370-5.50005-8
Mowday, R., Steers, R., & Porter, L. (1979). The Measurement of Organizational Commitment. Vocational Behavior, nº 14, pp. 224-247. https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-8791(79)90072-1
Neves, T., Graveto, J., Rodrigues, V., Marôco, J., & Parreira, P. (2018). Organizational commitment , psychometric qualities and invariance of the Meyer and Allen Questionnaire for Portuguese Nurses. Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem, nº 26(e3021), pp. 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1590/1518-8345.2407.3021
Newstrom, J. (2011). Comportamiento humano en el trabajo (13th ed.). McGraw-Hill Interamericana de España.
Nunnally, J. (1978). Psychometric theory (2a). Ann Arbor, Michigan: McGraw-Hill.
O'Reilly, C., & Chatman, J. (1986). Organizational Commitment and Psychological Attachment: The Effects of Compliance, Identification, and Internalization on Prosocial Behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology, vol. 71, nº 3, pp. 492-499. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.71.3.492
Pare, G., & Tremblay, M. (2007). The Influence of High-Involvement Human Resources Practices, Procedural Justice, Organizational Commitment, and Citizenship Behaviors on Information Technology Professionals' Turnover Intentions. Group & Organization Management, vol. 32, nº 3, pp. 326. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601106286875
Pérez López, J. A. (1985a). La dirección de empresas y el liderazgo (0-486-002 No. FHN-167). Barcelona.
Pérez López, J. A. (1985b). Las motivaciones humanas (0-484-011 No. FHN-161). Barcelona.
Poon, J. (2013). Relationships among perceived career support, affective commitment, and work engagement. International Journal of Psychology, vol. 48, nº 6, pp. 1148-1155. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207594.2013.768768
Porter, L., Steers, R., & Monday, R. (2005). Do employee attitudes towards organizations matter? The study of employee commitment to organizations. In Great minds in management : the process of theory development, pp. 171-189. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press.
Porter, L., Steers, R., Mowday, R., & Boulian, P. (1974). Organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and turnover among psychiatric technicians. Journal of Applied Psychology, vol. 59, nº 5, pp. 603-609. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0037335
Randall, D., & Cote, J. (1991). Interrelationships of Work Commitment Constructs. Work and Occupations, vol. 18, nº 2, pp. 194-211. https://doi.org/10.1177/0730888491018002004
Robbins, S., & Judge, T. (2009). Comportamiento organizacional. Naucalpan de Juárez: Prentice Hall.
Ruiz de Alba, J. L. (2013). El Compromiso Organizacional: Un Valor Personal Y Empresarial En El Marketing Interno. Revista de Estudios Empresariales. Segunda Época., nº 1, pp. 67-86.
Scholarios, D., & Marks, A. (2004). Work‐life balance and the software worker. Human Resource Management Journal, vol. 14, nº 2, pp. 54-74. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-8583.2004.tb00119.x
Serra, P., Ponce, M. J., Laura, L., González, L., & García, X. Introducción II - Regresión lineal simple y múltiple (parte 2 de 5) (2014). Valencia. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KkcPHTVUCMc&list=PLWzyFeBMG81xPCE2UO_pTxbHjOl-8e6-f
Sheldon, M. (1971). Investments and Involvements as Mechanisms Producing Commitment to the Organization. Administrative Science Quarterly, vol. 16, nº 2, pp. 143-150. https://doi.org/10.2307/2391824
Simo, P., Sallan, J., & Rajadell, M. (2013). Compromiso Organizativo y Empresa Familiar: Estado del arte. In Nuevas investigaciones sobre la empresa familiar en España, pp. 55-68. https://doi.org/10.3926/oms.175
Solinger, O., Van Olffen, W., & Roe, R. (2008). Beyond the Three-Component Model of Organizational Commitment. Journal of Applied Psychology, vol. 93, nº 1, pp. 70-83. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.93.1.70
Stazyk, E., Pandey, S., & Wright, B. (2011). Understanding Affective Organizational Commitment: The Importance of Institutional Context. American Review of Public Administration, vol. 41, nº 6, pp. 603-624. https://doi.org/10.1177/0275074011398119
Sun, L.-Y., Aryee, S., & Law, K. (2007). High-performance human resource practices, citizenship behavior, and organizational performance: A relational perspective. Academy of Management Journal, vol. 50, nº 3, pp. 558-577. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2007.25525821
Tuddenham, R. (1962). The nature and measurement ofintelligence. In L. Postman (Ed.), Psychology in the Making, pp. 469-525. Nueva York: Alfred A. Knopf.
Vecina, M. L., & Chacón, F. (2013). Is engagement different from satisfaction and organizational commitment? Relations with intention to remain, psychological well-being and perceived physical health in volunteers. Anales de Psicología, vol. 29, nº 1, pp. 225-232.
Whitener, E. M. (2001). Do "high commitment" human resource practices affect employee commitment?: A cross-level analysis using hierarchical linear modeling. Journal of Management, vol. 27, nº 5, pp. 515-535. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920630102700502
Yalabik, Z. Y., Popaitoon, P., Chowne, J., & Rayton, B. (2013). Work engagement as a mediator between employee attitudes and outcomes. International Journal of Human Resource Management, vol. 24, nº 14, pp. 2799-2823. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2013.763844
Young, B. S., Worchel, S., & Woehr, D. J. (1998). Organizational Commitment among Public Service Employees. Public Personnel Management, vol. 27, nº 3, pp. 339-348. https://doi.org/10.1177/009102609802700304
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
- Authors maintain the copyright, but they guarantee the journal its right for publication, that is under Creative Commons Licence, permitting others share the work, whereas clearly indicating the author and the first publication of the journal.
- Authors could adopt non-exclusive licence agreements for delivering the published version, whereas clearly indicating the first publishing in Revista de Estudios Empresariales. Second Era.
- Authors are encouraged to spread their works through Internet before and during the sending process, in order to make interesting scientific discussions that could increase the cites of the published work (Open Citation Project).
Revista de Estudios Empresariales. Second Era, uses PKP Preservation Network (PN).
